pin-project-internal/src/lib.rs

//! Implementation detail of the `pin-project` crate. - **do not use directly**

#![doc(test(
    no_crate_inject,
    attr(
        deny(warnings, rust_2018_idioms, single_use_lifetimes),
        allow(dead_code, unused_variables)
    )
))]
#![forbid(unsafe_code)]
#![warn(rust_2018_idioms, single_use_lifetimes, unreachable_pub)]
#![warn(clippy::pedantic)]
#![allow(
    clippy::needless_doctest_main,
    clippy::similar_names,
    clippy::single_match_else,
    clippy::too_many_lines
)]

// older compilers require explicit `extern crate`.
#[allow(unused_extern_crates)]
extern crate proc_macro;

#[macro_use]
mod utils;

mod pin_project;
mod pinned_drop;

use proc_macro::TokenStream;

/// An attribute that creates projection types covering all the fields of
/// struct or enum.
///
/// This attribute creates projection types according to the following rules:
///
/// - For the fields that use `#[pin]` attribute, create the pinned reference to
///   the field.
/// - For the other fields, create a normal reference to the field.
///
/// And the following methods are implemented on the original type:
///
/// ```rust
/// # use std::pin::Pin;
/// # type Projection<'a> = &'a ();
/// # type ProjectionRef<'a> = &'a ();
/// # trait Dox {
/// fn project(self: Pin<&mut Self>) -> Projection<'_>;
/// fn project_ref(self: Pin<&Self>) -> ProjectionRef<'_>;
/// # }
/// ```
///
/// By passing an argument with the same name as the method to the attribute,
/// you can name the projection type returned from the method. This allows you
/// to use pattern matching on the projected types.
///
/// ```rust
/// # use pin_project::pin_project;
/// # use std::pin::Pin;
/// #[pin_project(project = EnumProj)]
/// enum Enum<T> {
///     Variant(#[pin] T),
/// }
///
/// impl<T> Enum<T> {
///     fn method(self: Pin<&mut Self>) {
///         let this: EnumProj<'_, T> = self.project();
///         match this {
///             EnumProj::Variant(x) => {
///                 let _: Pin<&mut T> = x;
///             }
///         }
///     }
/// }
/// ```
///
/// Note that the projection types returned by `project` and `project_ref` have
/// an additional lifetime at the beginning of generics.
///
/// ```text
/// let this: EnumProj<'_, T> = self.project();
///                    ^^
/// ```
///
/// The visibility of the projected types and projection methods is based on the
/// original type. However, if the visibility of the original type is `pub`, the
/// visibility of the projected types and the projection methods is downgraded
/// to `pub(crate)`.
///
/// # Safety
///
/// This attribute is completely safe. In the absence of other `unsafe` code
/// *that you write*, it is impossible to cause [undefined
/// behavior][undefined-behavior] with this attribute.
///
/// This is accomplished by enforcing the four requirements for pin projection
/// stated in [the Rust documentation][pin-projection]:
///
/// 1. The struct must only be [`Unpin`] if all the structural fields are
///    [`Unpin`].
///
///    To enforce this, this attribute will automatically generate an [`Unpin`]
///    implementation for you, which will require that all structurally pinned
///    fields be [`Unpin`].
///
///    If you attempt to provide an [`Unpin`] impl, the blanket impl will then
///    apply to your type, causing a compile-time error due to the conflict with
///    the second impl.
///
///    If you wish to provide a manual [`Unpin`] impl, you can do so via the
///    [`UnsafeUnpin`][unsafe-unpin] argument.
///
/// 2. The destructor of the struct must not move structural fields out of its
///    argument.
///
///    To enforce this, this attribute will generate code like this:
///
///    ```rust
///    struct MyStruct {}
///    trait MyStructMustNotImplDrop {}
///    # #[allow(unknown_lints, drop_bounds)]
///    impl<T: Drop> MyStructMustNotImplDrop for T {}
///    impl MyStructMustNotImplDrop for MyStruct {}
///    ```
///
///    If you attempt to provide an [`Drop`] impl, the blanket impl will then
///    apply to your type, causing a compile-time error due to the conflict with
///    the second impl.
///
///    If you wish to provide a custom [`Drop`] impl, you can annotate an impl
///    with [`#[pinned_drop]`][pinned-drop]. This impl takes a pinned version of
///    your struct - that is, [`Pin`]`<&mut MyStruct>` where `MyStruct` is the
///    type of your struct.
///
///    You can call `.project()` on this type as usual, along with any other
///    methods you have defined. Because your code is never provided with
///    a `&mut MyStruct`, it is impossible to move out of pin-projectable
///    fields in safe code in your destructor.
///
/// 3. You must make sure that you uphold the [`Drop`
///    guarantee][drop-guarantee]: once your struct is pinned, the memory that
///    contains the content is not overwritten or deallocated without calling
///    the content's destructors.
///
///    Safe code doesn't need to worry about this - the only way to violate
///    this requirement is to manually deallocate memory (which is `unsafe`),
///    or to overwrite a field with something else.
///    Because your custom destructor takes [`Pin`]`<&mut MyStruct>`, it's
///    impossible to obtain a mutable reference to a pin-projected field in safe
///    code.
///
/// 4. You must not offer any other operations that could lead to data being
///    moved out of the structural fields when your type is pinned.
///
///    As with requirement 3, it is impossible for safe code to violate this.
///    This crate ensures that safe code can never obtain a mutable reference to
///    `#[pin]` fields, which prevents you from ever moving out of them in safe
///    code.
///
/// Pin projections are also incompatible with [`#[repr(packed)]`][repr-packed]
/// types. Attempting to use this attribute on a `#[repr(packed)]` type results
/// in a compile-time error.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// `#[pin_project]` can be used on structs and enums.
///
/// ```rust
/// use std::pin::Pin;
///
/// use pin_project::pin_project;
///
/// #[pin_project]
/// struct Struct<T, U> {
///     #[pin]
///     pinned: T,
///     unpinned: U,
/// }
///
/// impl<T, U> Struct<T, U> {
///     fn method(self: Pin<&mut Self>) {
///         let this = self.project();
///         let _: Pin<&mut T> = this.pinned;
///         let _: &mut U = this.unpinned;
///     }
/// }
/// ```
///
/// ```rust
/// use std::pin::Pin;
///
/// use pin_project::pin_project;
///
/// #[pin_project]
/// struct TupleStruct<T, U>(#[pin] T, U);
///
/// impl<T, U> TupleStruct<T, U> {
///     fn method(self: Pin<&mut Self>) {
///         let this = self.project();
///         let _: Pin<&mut T> = this.0;
///         let _: &mut U = this.1;
///     }
/// }
/// ```
///
/// To use `#[pin_project]` on enums, you need to name the projection type
/// returned from the method.
///
/// ```rust
/// use std::pin::Pin;
///
/// use pin_project::pin_project;
///
/// #[pin_project(project = EnumProj)]
/// enum Enum<T, U> {
///     Tuple(#[pin] T),
///     Struct { field: U },
///     Unit,
/// }
///
/// impl<T, U> Enum<T, U> {
///     fn method(self: Pin<&mut Self>) {
///         match self.project() {
///             EnumProj::Tuple(x) => {
///                 let _: Pin<&mut T> = x;
///             }
///             EnumProj::Struct { field } => {
///                 let _: &mut U = field;
///             }
///             EnumProj::Unit => {}
///         }
///     }
/// }
/// ```
///
/// When `#[pin_project]` is used on enums, only named projection types and
/// methods are generated because there is no way to access variants of
/// projected types without naming it.
/// For example, in the above example, only the `project` method is generated,
/// and the `project_ref` method is not generated.
/// (When `#[pin_project]` is used on structs, both methods are always generated.)
///
/// ```rust,compile_fail,E0599
/// # use pin_project::pin_project;
/// # use std::pin::Pin;
/// #
/// # #[pin_project(project = EnumProj)]
/// # enum Enum<T, U> {
/// #     Tuple(#[pin] T),
/// #     Struct { field: U },
/// #     Unit,
/// # }
/// #
/// impl<T, U> Enum<T, U> {
///     fn call_project_ref(self: Pin<&Self>) {
///         let _this = self.project_ref();
///         //~^ ERROR no method named `project_ref` found for struct `Pin<&Enum<T, U>>` in the current scope
///     }
/// }
/// ```
///
/// If you want to call `.project()` multiple times or later use the
/// original [`Pin`] type, it needs to use [`.as_mut()`][`Pin::as_mut`] to avoid
/// consuming the [`Pin`].
///
/// ```rust
/// use std::pin::Pin;
///
/// use pin_project::pin_project;
///
/// #[pin_project]
/// struct Struct<T> {
///     #[pin]
///     field: T,
/// }
///
/// impl<T> Struct<T> {
///     fn call_project_twice(mut self: Pin<&mut Self>) {
///         // `project` consumes `self`, so reborrow the `Pin<&mut Self>` via `as_mut`.
///         self.as_mut().project();
///         self.as_mut().project();
///     }
/// }
/// ```
///
/// # `!Unpin`
///
/// If you want to ensure that [`Unpin`] is not implemented, use the `!Unpin`
/// argument to `#[pin_project]`.
///
/// ```rust
/// use pin_project::pin_project;
///
/// #[pin_project(!Unpin)]
/// struct Struct<T> {
///     field: T,
/// }
/// ```
///
/// This is equivalent to using `#[pin]` attribute for the [`PhantomPinned`]
/// field.
///
/// ```rust
/// use std::marker::PhantomPinned;
///
/// use pin_project::pin_project;
///
/// #[pin_project]
/// struct Struct<T> {
///     field: T,
///     #[pin] // <------ This `#[pin]` is required to make `Struct` to `!Unpin`.
///     _pin: PhantomPinned,
/// }
/// ```
///
/// Note that using [`PhantomPinned`] without `#[pin]` attribute has no effect.
///
/// # `UnsafeUnpin`
///
/// If you want to implement [`Unpin`] manually, you must use the `UnsafeUnpin`
/// argument to `#[pin_project]`.
///
/// ```rust
/// use pin_project::{pin_project, UnsafeUnpin};
///
/// #[pin_project(UnsafeUnpin)]
/// struct Struct<T, U> {
///     #[pin]
///     pinned: T,
///     unpinned: U,
/// }
///
/// unsafe impl<T: Unpin, U> UnsafeUnpin for Struct<T, U> {}
/// ```
///
/// Note the usage of the unsafe [`UnsafeUnpin`] trait, instead of the usual
/// [`Unpin`] trait. [`UnsafeUnpin`] behaves exactly like [`Unpin`], except that
/// is unsafe to implement. This unsafety comes from the fact that pin
/// projections are being used. If you implement [`UnsafeUnpin`], you must
/// ensure that it is only implemented when all pin-projected fields implement
/// [`Unpin`].
///
/// See [`UnsafeUnpin`] trait for more details.
///
/// # `#[pinned_drop]`
///
/// In order to correctly implement pin projections, a type's [`Drop`] impl must
/// not move out of any structurally pinned fields. Unfortunately,
/// [`Drop::drop`] takes `&mut Self`, not [`Pin`]`<&mut Self>`.
///
/// To ensure that this requirement is upheld, the `#[pin_project]` attribute
/// will provide a [`Drop`] impl for you. This [`Drop`] impl will delegate to
/// an impl block annotated with `#[pinned_drop]` if you use the `PinnedDrop`
/// argument to `#[pin_project]`.
///
/// This impl block acts just like a normal [`Drop`] impl,
/// except for the following two:
///
/// - `drop` method takes [`Pin`]`<&mut Self>`
/// - Name of the trait is `PinnedDrop`.
///
/// ```rust
/// # use std::pin::Pin;
/// pub trait PinnedDrop {
///     fn drop(self: Pin<&mut Self>);
/// }
/// ```
///
/// `#[pin_project]` implements the actual [`Drop`] trait via `PinnedDrop` you
/// implemented. To drop a type that implements `PinnedDrop`, use the [`drop`]
/// function just like dropping a type that directly implements [`Drop`].
///
/// In particular, it will never be called more than once, just like
/// [`Drop::drop`].
///
/// For example:
///
/// ```rust
/// use std::{fmt::Debug, pin::Pin};
///
/// use pin_project::{pin_project, pinned_drop};
///
/// #[pin_project(PinnedDrop)]
/// struct PrintOnDrop<T: Debug, U: Debug> {
///     #[pin]
///     pinned_field: T,
///     unpin_field: U,
/// }
///
/// #[pinned_drop]
/// impl<T: Debug, U: Debug> PinnedDrop for PrintOnDrop<T, U> {
///     fn drop(self: Pin<&mut Self>) {
///         println!("Dropping pinned field: {:?}", self.pinned_field);
///         println!("Dropping unpin field: {:?}", self.unpin_field);
///     }
/// }
///
/// fn main() {
///     let _x = PrintOnDrop { pinned_field: true, unpin_field: 40 };
/// }
/// ```
///
/// See also [`#[pinned_drop]`][macro@pinned_drop] attribute.
///
/// # `project_replace` method
///
/// In addition to the `project` and `project_ref` methods which are always
/// provided when you use the `#[pin_project]` attribute, there is a third
/// method, `project_replace` which can be useful in some situations. It is
/// equivalent to [`Pin::set`], except that the unpinned fields are moved and
/// returned, instead of being dropped in-place.
///
/// ```rust
/// # use std::pin::Pin;
/// # type ProjectionOwned = ();
/// # trait Dox {
/// fn project_replace(self: Pin<&mut Self>, other: Self) -> ProjectionOwned;
/// # }
/// ```
///
/// The `ProjectionOwned` type is identical to the `Self` type, except that
/// all pinned fields have been replaced by equivalent [`PhantomData`] types.
///
/// This method is opt-in, because it is only supported for [`Sized`] types, and
/// because it is incompatible with the [`#[pinned_drop]`][pinned-drop]
/// attribute described above. It can be enabled by using
/// `#[pin_project(project_replace)]`.
///
/// For example:
///
/// ```rust
/// use std::{marker::PhantomData, pin::Pin};
///
/// use pin_project::pin_project;
///
/// #[pin_project(project_replace)]
/// struct Struct<T, U> {
///     #[pin]
///     pinned_field: T,
///     unpinned_field: U,
/// }
///
/// impl<T, U> Struct<T, U> {
///     fn method(self: Pin<&mut Self>, other: Self) {
///         let this = self.project_replace(other);
///         let _: U = this.unpinned_field;
///         let _: PhantomData<T> = this.pinned_field;
///     }
/// }
/// ```
///
/// By passing the value to the `project_replace` argument, you can name the
/// returned type of the `project_replace` method. This is necessary whenever
/// destructuring the return type of the `project_replace` method, and work in exactly
/// the same way as the `project` and `project_ref` arguments.
///
/// ```rust
/// use pin_project::pin_project;
///
/// #[pin_project(project_replace = EnumProjOwn)]
/// enum Enum<T, U> {
///     A {
///         #[pin]
///         pinned_field: T,
///         unpinned_field: U,
///     },
///     B,
/// }
///
/// let mut x = Box::pin(Enum::A { pinned_field: 42, unpinned_field: "hello" });
///
/// match x.as_mut().project_replace(Enum::B) {
///     EnumProjOwn::A { unpinned_field, .. } => assert_eq!(unpinned_field, "hello"),
///     EnumProjOwn::B => unreachable!(),
/// }
/// ```
///
/// [`PhantomData`]: core::marker::PhantomData
/// [`PhantomPinned`]: core::marker::PhantomPinned
/// [`Pin::as_mut`]: core::pin::Pin::as_mut
/// [`Pin::set`]: core::pin::Pin::set
/// [`Pin`]: core::pin::Pin
/// [`UnsafeUnpin`]: https://docs.rs/pin-project/1/pin_project/trait.UnsafeUnpin.html
/// [drop-guarantee]: core::pin#drop-guarantee
/// [pin-projection]: core::pin#projections-and-structural-pinning
/// [pinned-drop]: macro@pin_project#pinned_drop
/// [repr-packed]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/other-reprs.html#reprpacked
/// [undefined-behavior]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/behavior-considered-undefined.html
/// [unsafe-unpin]: macro@pin_project#unsafeunpin
#[proc_macro_attribute]
pub fn pin_project(args: TokenStream, input: TokenStream) -> TokenStream {
    pin_project::attribute(&args.into(), input.into()).into()
}

/// An attribute used for custom implementations of [`Drop`].
///
/// This attribute is used in conjunction with the `PinnedDrop` argument to
/// the [`#[pin_project]`][macro@pin_project] attribute.
///
/// The impl block annotated with this attribute acts just like a normal
/// [`Drop`] impl, except for the following two:
///
/// - `drop` method takes [`Pin`]`<&mut Self>`
/// - Name of the trait is `PinnedDrop`.
///
/// ```rust
/// # use std::pin::Pin;
/// pub trait PinnedDrop {
///     fn drop(self: Pin<&mut Self>);
/// }
/// ```
///
/// `#[pin_project]` implements the actual [`Drop`] trait via `PinnedDrop` you
/// implemented. To drop a type that implements `PinnedDrop`, use the [`drop`]
/// function just like dropping a type that directly implements [`Drop`].
///
/// In particular, it will never be called more than once, just like
/// [`Drop::drop`].
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```rust
/// use std::pin::Pin;
///
/// use pin_project::{pin_project, pinned_drop};
///
/// #[pin_project(PinnedDrop)]
/// struct PrintOnDrop {
///     #[pin]
///     field: u8,
/// }
///
/// #[pinned_drop]
/// impl PinnedDrop for PrintOnDrop {
///     fn drop(self: Pin<&mut Self>) {
///         println!("Dropping: {}", self.field);
///     }
/// }
///
/// fn main() {
///     let _x = PrintOnDrop { field: 50 };
/// }
/// ```
///
/// See also ["pinned-drop" section of `#[pin_project]` attribute][pinned-drop].
///
/// # Why `#[pinned_drop]` attribute is needed?
///
/// Implementing `PinnedDrop::drop` is safe, but calling it is not safe.
/// This is because destructors can be called multiple times in safe code and
/// [double dropping is unsound][rust-lang/rust#62360].
///
/// Ideally, it would be desirable to be able to forbid manual calls in
/// the same way as [`Drop::drop`], but the library cannot do it. So, by using
/// macros and replacing them with private traits like the following,
/// this crate prevent users from calling `PinnedDrop::drop` in safe code.
///
/// ```rust
/// # use std::pin::Pin;
/// pub trait PinnedDrop {
///     unsafe fn drop(self: Pin<&mut Self>);
/// }
/// ```
///
/// This allows implementing [`Drop`] safely using `#[pinned_drop]`.
/// Also by using the [`drop`] function just like dropping a type that directly
/// implements [`Drop`], can drop safely a type that implements `PinnedDrop`.
///
/// [rust-lang/rust#62360]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/62360
/// [`Pin`]: core::pin::Pin
/// [pinned-drop]: macro@pin_project#pinned_drop
#[proc_macro_attribute]
pub fn pinned_drop(args: TokenStream, input: TokenStream) -> TokenStream {
    let input = syn::parse_macro_input!(input);
    pinned_drop::attribute(&args.into(), input).into()
}

// Not public API.
#[doc(hidden)]
#[proc_macro_derive(__PinProjectInternalDerive, attributes(pin))]
pub fn __pin_project_internal_derive(input: TokenStream) -> TokenStream {
    pin_project::derive(input.into()).into()
}