src/naive/date.rs

// This is a part of Chrono.
// See README.md and LICENSE.txt for details.

//! ISO 8601 calendar date without timezone.

#[cfg(feature = "alloc")]
use core::borrow::Borrow;
use core::iter::FusedIterator;
use core::ops::{Add, AddAssign, RangeInclusive, Sub, SubAssign};
use core::{fmt, str};

#[cfg(any(feature = "rkyv", feature = "rkyv-16", feature = "rkyv-32", feature = "rkyv-64"))]
use rkyv::{Archive, Deserialize, Serialize};

/// L10n locales.
#[cfg(all(feature = "unstable-locales", feature = "alloc"))]
use pure_rust_locales::Locale;

#[cfg(feature = "alloc")]
use crate::format::DelayedFormat;
use crate::format::{
    parse, parse_and_remainder, write_hundreds, Item, Numeric, Pad, ParseError, ParseResult,
    Parsed, StrftimeItems,
};
use crate::month::Months;
use crate::naive::{IsoWeek, NaiveDateTime, NaiveTime};
use crate::{expect, try_opt};
use crate::{Datelike, TimeDelta, Weekday};

use super::internals::{self, DateImpl, Mdf, Of, YearFlags};
use super::isoweek;

const MAX_YEAR: i32 = internals::MAX_YEAR;
const MIN_YEAR: i32 = internals::MIN_YEAR;

/// A week represented by a [`NaiveDate`] and a [`Weekday`] which is the first
/// day of the week.
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct NaiveWeek {
    date: NaiveDate,
    start: Weekday,
}

impl NaiveWeek {
    /// Returns a date representing the first day of the week.
    ///
    /// # Panics
    ///
    /// Panics if the first day of the week happens to fall just out of range of `NaiveDate`
    /// (more than ca. 262,000 years away from common era).
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use chrono::{NaiveDate, Weekday};
    ///
    /// let date = NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2022, 4, 18).unwrap();
    /// let week = date.week(Weekday::Mon);
    /// assert!(week.first_day() <= date);
    /// ```
    #[inline]
    #[must_use]
    pub const fn first_day(&self) -> NaiveDate {
        let start = self.start.num_days_from_monday() as i32;
        let ref_day = self.date.weekday().num_days_from_monday() as i32;
        // Calculate the number of days to subtract from `self.date`.
        // Do not construct an intermediate date beyond `self.date`, because that may be out of
        // range if `date` is close to `NaiveDate::MAX`.
        let days = start - ref_day - if start > ref_day { 7 } else { 0 };
        expect!(self.date.add_days(days), "first weekday out of range for `NaiveDate`")
    }

    /// Returns a date representing the last day of the week.
    ///
    /// # Panics
    ///
    /// Panics if the last day of the week happens to fall just out of range of `NaiveDate`
    /// (more than ca. 262,000 years away from common era).
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use chrono::{NaiveDate, Weekday};
    ///
    /// let date = NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2022, 4, 18).unwrap();
    /// let week = date.week(Weekday::Mon);
    /// assert!(week.last_day() >= date);
    /// ```
    #[inline]
    #[must_use]
    pub const fn last_day(&self) -> NaiveDate {
        let end = self.start.pred().num_days_from_monday() as i32;
        let ref_day = self.date.weekday().num_days_from_monday() as i32;
        // Calculate the number of days to add to `self.date`.
        // Do not construct an intermediate date before `self.date` (like with `first_day()`),
        // because that may be out of range if `date` is close to `NaiveDate::MIN`.
        let days = end - ref_day + if end < ref_day { 7 } else { 0 };
        expect!(self.date.add_days(days), "last weekday out of range for `NaiveDate`")
    }

    /// Returns a [`RangeInclusive<T>`] representing the whole week bounded by
    /// [first_day](NaiveWeek::first_day) and [last_day](NaiveWeek::last_day) functions.
    ///
    /// # Panics
    ///
    /// Panics if the either the first or last day of the week happens to fall just out of range of
    /// `NaiveDate` (more than ca. 262,000 years away from common era).
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use chrono::{NaiveDate, Weekday};
    ///
    /// let date = NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2022, 4, 18).unwrap();
    /// let week = date.week(Weekday::Mon);
    /// let days = week.days();
    /// assert!(days.contains(&date));
    /// ```
    #[inline]
    #[must_use]
    pub const fn days(&self) -> RangeInclusive<NaiveDate> {
        self.first_day()..=self.last_day()
    }
}

/// A duration in calendar days.
///
/// This is useful because when using `TimeDelta` it is possible that adding `TimeDelta::days(1)`
/// doesn't increment the day value as expected due to it being a fixed number of seconds. This
/// difference applies only when dealing with `DateTime<TimeZone>` data types and in other cases
/// `TimeDelta::days(n)` and `Days::new(n)` are equivalent.
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Eq, Hash, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Ord)]
pub struct Days(pub(crate) u64);

impl Days {
    /// Construct a new `Days` from a number of days
    pub const fn new(num: u64) -> Self {
        Self(num)
    }
}

/// ISO 8601 calendar date without timezone.
/// Allows for every [proleptic Gregorian date] from Jan 1, 262145 BCE to Dec 31, 262143 CE.
/// Also supports the conversion from ISO 8601 ordinal and week date.
///
/// # Calendar Date
///
/// The ISO 8601 **calendar date** follows the proleptic Gregorian calendar.
/// It is like a normal civil calendar but note some slight differences:
///
/// * Dates before the Gregorian calendar's inception in 1582 are defined via the extrapolation.
///   Be careful, as historical dates are often noted in the Julian calendar and others
///   and the transition to Gregorian may differ across countries (as late as early 20C).
///
///   (Some example: Both Shakespeare from Britain and Cervantes from Spain seemingly died
///   on the same calendar date---April 23, 1616---but in the different calendar.
///   Britain used the Julian calendar at that time, so Shakespeare's death is later.)
///
/// * ISO 8601 calendars has the year 0, which is 1 BCE (a year before 1 CE).
///   If you need a typical BCE/BC and CE/AD notation for year numbers,
///   use the [`Datelike::year_ce`] method.
///
/// # Week Date
///
/// The ISO 8601 **week date** is a triple of year number, week number
/// and [day of the week](Weekday) with the following rules:
///
/// * A week consists of Monday through Sunday, and is always numbered within some year.
///   The week number ranges from 1 to 52 or 53 depending on the year.
///
/// * The week 1 of given year is defined as the first week containing January 4 of that year,
///   or equivalently, the first week containing four or more days in that year.
///
/// * The year number in the week date may *not* correspond to the actual Gregorian year.
///   For example, January 3, 2016 (Sunday) was on the last (53rd) week of 2015.
///
/// Chrono's date types default to the ISO 8601 [calendar date](#calendar-date), but
/// [`Datelike::iso_week`] and [`Datelike::weekday`] methods can be used to get the corresponding
/// week date.
///
/// # Ordinal Date
///
/// The ISO 8601 **ordinal date** is a pair of year number and day of the year ("ordinal").
/// The ordinal number ranges from 1 to 365 or 366 depending on the year.
/// The year number is the same as that of the [calendar date](#calendar-date).
///
/// This is currently the internal format of Chrono's date types.
///
/// [proleptic Gregorian date]: crate::NaiveDate#calendar-date
#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Hash, PartialOrd, Ord, Copy, Clone)]
#[cfg_attr(
    any(feature = "rkyv", feature = "rkyv-16", feature = "rkyv-32", feature = "rkyv-64"),
    derive(Archive, Deserialize, Serialize),
    archive(compare(PartialEq, PartialOrd)),
    archive_attr(derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Debug, Hash))
)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "rkyv-validation", archive(check_bytes))]
pub struct NaiveDate {
    ymdf: DateImpl, // (year << 13) | of
}

/// The minimum possible `NaiveDate` (January 1, 262145 BCE).
#[deprecated(since = "0.4.20", note = "Use NaiveDate::MIN instead")]
pub const MIN_DATE: NaiveDate = NaiveDate::MIN;
/// The maximum possible `NaiveDate` (December 31, 262143 CE).
#[deprecated(since = "0.4.20", note = "Use NaiveDate::MAX instead")]
pub const MAX_DATE: NaiveDate = NaiveDate::MAX;

#[cfg(all(feature = "arbitrary", feature = "std"))]
impl arbitrary::Arbitrary<'_> for NaiveDate {
    fn arbitrary(u: &mut arbitrary::Unstructured) -> arbitrary::Result<NaiveDate> {
        let year = u.int_in_range(MIN_YEAR..=MAX_YEAR)?;
        let max_days = YearFlags::from_year(year).ndays();
        let ord = u.int_in_range(1..=max_days)?;
        NaiveDate::from_yo_opt(year, ord).ok_or(arbitrary::Error::IncorrectFormat)
    }
}

impl NaiveDate {
    pub(crate) fn weeks_from(&self, day: Weekday) -> i32 {
        (self.ordinal() as i32 - self.weekday().num_days_from(day) as i32 + 6) / 7
    }

    /// Makes a new `NaiveDate` from year, ordinal and flags.
    /// Does not check whether the flags are correct for the provided year.
    const fn from_ordinal_and_flags(
        year: i32,
        ordinal: u32,
        flags: YearFlags,
    ) -> Option<NaiveDate> {
        if year < MIN_YEAR || year > MAX_YEAR {
            return None; // Out-of-range
        }
        debug_assert!(YearFlags::from_year(year).0 == flags.0);
        match Of::new(ordinal, flags) {
            Some(of) => Some(NaiveDate { ymdf: (year << 13) | (of.inner() as DateImpl) }),
            None => None, // Invalid: Ordinal outside of the nr of days in a year with those flags.
        }
    }

    /// Makes a new `NaiveDate` from year and packed month-day-flags.
    /// Does not check whether the flags are correct for the provided year.
    const fn from_mdf(year: i32, mdf: Mdf) -> Option<NaiveDate> {
        if year < MIN_YEAR || year > MAX_YEAR {
            return None; // Out-of-range
        }
        match mdf.to_of() {
            Some(of) => Some(NaiveDate { ymdf: (year << 13) | (of.inner() as DateImpl) }),
            None => None, // Non-existing date
        }
    }

    /// Makes a new `NaiveDate` from the [calendar date](#calendar-date)
    /// (year, month and day).
    ///
    /// # Panics
    ///
    /// Panics if the specified calendar day does not exist, on invalid values for `month` or `day`,
    /// or if `year` is out of range for `NaiveDate`.
    #[deprecated(since = "0.4.23", note = "use `from_ymd_opt()` instead")]
    #[must_use]
    pub const fn from_ymd(year: i32, month: u32, day: u32) -> NaiveDate {
        expect!(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(year, month, day), "invalid or out-of-range date")
    }

    /// Makes a new `NaiveDate` from the [calendar date](#calendar-date)
    /// (year, month and day).
    ///
    /// # Errors
    ///
    /// Returns `None` if:
    /// - The specified calendar day does not exist (for example 2023-04-31).
    /// - The value for `month` or `day` is invalid.
    /// - `year` is out of range for `NaiveDate`.
    ///
    /// # Example
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use chrono::NaiveDate;
    ///
    /// let from_ymd_opt = NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt;
    ///
    /// assert!(from_ymd_opt(2015, 3, 14).is_some());
    /// assert!(from_ymd_opt(2015, 0, 14).is_none());
    /// assert!(from_ymd_opt(2015, 2, 29).is_none());
    /// assert!(from_ymd_opt(-4, 2, 29).is_some()); // 5 BCE is a leap year
    /// assert!(from_ymd_opt(400000, 1, 1).is_none());
    /// assert!(from_ymd_opt(-400000, 1, 1).is_none());
    /// ```
    #[must_use]
    pub const fn from_ymd_opt(year: i32, month: u32, day: u32) -> Option<NaiveDate> {
        let flags = YearFlags::from_year(year);

        if let Some(mdf) = Mdf::new(month, day, flags) {
            NaiveDate::from_mdf(year, mdf)
        } else {
            None
        }
    }

    /// Makes a new `NaiveDate` from the [ordinal date](#ordinal-date)
    /// (year and day of the year).
    ///
    /// # Panics
    ///
    /// Panics if the specified ordinal day does not exist, on invalid values for `ordinal`, or if
    /// `year` is out of range for `NaiveDate`.
    #[deprecated(since = "0.4.23", note = "use `from_yo_opt()` instead")]
    #[must_use]
    pub const fn from_yo(year: i32, ordinal: u32) -> NaiveDate {
        expect!(NaiveDate::from_yo_opt(year, ordinal), "invalid or out-of-range date")
    }

    /// Makes a new `NaiveDate` from the [ordinal date](#ordinal-date)
    /// (year and day of the year).
    ///
    /// # Errors
    ///
    /// Returns `None` if:
    /// - The specified ordinal day does not exist (for example 2023-366).
    /// - The value for `ordinal` is invalid (for example: `0`, `400`).
    /// - `year` is out of range for `NaiveDate`.
    ///
    /// # Example
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use chrono::NaiveDate;
    ///
    /// let from_yo_opt = NaiveDate::from_yo_opt;
    ///
    /// assert!(from_yo_opt(2015, 100).is_some());
    /// assert!(from_yo_opt(2015, 0).is_none());
    /// assert!(from_yo_opt(2015, 365).is_some());
    /// assert!(from_yo_opt(2015, 366).is_none());
    /// assert!(from_yo_opt(-4, 366).is_some()); // 5 BCE is a leap year
    /// assert!(from_yo_opt(400000, 1).is_none());
    /// assert!(from_yo_opt(-400000, 1).is_none());
    /// ```
    #[must_use]
    pub const fn from_yo_opt(year: i32, ordinal: u32) -> Option<NaiveDate> {
        let flags = YearFlags::from_year(year);
        NaiveDate::from_ordinal_and_flags(year, ordinal, flags)
    }

    /// Makes a new `NaiveDate` from the [ISO week date](#week-date)
    /// (year, week number and day of the week).
    /// The resulting `NaiveDate` may have a different year from the input year.
    ///
    /// # Panics
    ///
    /// Panics if the specified week does not exist in that year, on invalid values for `week`, or
    /// if the resulting date is out of range for `NaiveDate`.
    #[deprecated(since = "0.4.23", note = "use `from_isoywd_opt()` instead")]
    #[must_use]
    pub const fn from_isoywd(year: i32, week: u32, weekday: Weekday) -> NaiveDate {
        expect!(NaiveDate::from_isoywd_opt(year, week, weekday), "invalid or out-of-range date")
    }

    /// Makes a new `NaiveDate` from the [ISO week date](#week-date)
    /// (year, week number and day of the week).
    /// The resulting `NaiveDate` may have a different year from the input year.
    ///
    /// # Errors
    ///
    /// Returns `None` if:
    /// - The specified week does not exist in that year (for example 2023 week 53).
    /// - The value for `week` is invalid (for example: `0`, `60`).
    /// - If the resulting date is out of range for `NaiveDate`.
    ///
    /// # Example
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use chrono::{NaiveDate, Weekday};
    ///
    /// let from_ymd = |y, m, d| NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(y, m, d).unwrap();
    /// let from_isoywd_opt = NaiveDate::from_isoywd_opt;
    ///
    /// assert_eq!(from_isoywd_opt(2015, 0, Weekday::Sun), None);
    /// assert_eq!(from_isoywd_opt(2015, 10, Weekday::Sun), Some(from_ymd(2015, 3, 8)));
    /// assert_eq!(from_isoywd_opt(2015, 30, Weekday::Mon), Some(from_ymd(2015, 7, 20)));
    /// assert_eq!(from_isoywd_opt(2015, 60, Weekday::Mon), None);
    ///
    /// assert_eq!(from_isoywd_opt(400000, 10, Weekday::Fri), None);
    /// assert_eq!(from_isoywd_opt(-400000, 10, Weekday::Sat), None);
    /// ```
    ///
    /// The year number of ISO week date may differ from that of the calendar date.
    ///
    /// ```
    /// # use chrono::{NaiveDate, Weekday};
    /// # let from_ymd = |y, m, d| NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(y, m, d).unwrap();
    /// # let from_isoywd_opt = NaiveDate::from_isoywd_opt;
    /// //           Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su
    /// // 2014-W52  22 23 24 25 26 27 28    has 4+ days of new year,
    /// // 2015-W01  29 30 31  1  2  3  4 <- so this is the first week
    /// assert_eq!(from_isoywd_opt(2014, 52, Weekday::Sun), Some(from_ymd(2014, 12, 28)));
    /// assert_eq!(from_isoywd_opt(2014, 53, Weekday::Mon), None);
    /// assert_eq!(from_isoywd_opt(2015, 1, Weekday::Mon), Some(from_ymd(2014, 12, 29)));
    ///
    /// // 2015-W52  21 22 23 24 25 26 27    has 4+ days of old year,
    /// // 2015-W53  28 29 30 31  1  2  3 <- so this is the last week
    /// // 2016-W01   4  5  6  7  8  9 10
    /// assert_eq!(from_isoywd_opt(2015, 52, Weekday::Sun), Some(from_ymd(2015, 12, 27)));
    /// assert_eq!(from_isoywd_opt(2015, 53, Weekday::Sun), Some(from_ymd(2016, 1, 3)));
    /// assert_eq!(from_isoywd_opt(2015, 54, Weekday::Mon), None);
    /// assert_eq!(from_isoywd_opt(2016, 1, Weekday::Mon), Some(from_ymd(2016, 1, 4)));
    /// ```
    #[must_use]
    pub const fn from_isoywd_opt(year: i32, week: u32, weekday: Weekday) -> Option<NaiveDate> {
        let flags = YearFlags::from_year(year);
        let nweeks = flags.nisoweeks();
        if 1 <= week && week <= nweeks {
            // ordinal = week ordinal - delta
            let weekord = week * 7 + weekday as u32;
            let delta = flags.isoweek_delta();
            if weekord <= delta {
                // ordinal < 1, previous year
                let prevflags = YearFlags::from_year(year - 1);
                NaiveDate::from_ordinal_and_flags(
                    year - 1,
                    weekord + prevflags.ndays() - delta,
                    prevflags,
                )
            } else {
                let ordinal = weekord - delta;
                let ndays = flags.ndays();
                if ordinal <= ndays {
                    // this year
                    NaiveDate::from_ordinal_and_flags(year, ordinal, flags)
                } else {
                    // ordinal > ndays, next year
                    let nextflags = YearFlags::from_year(year + 1);
                    NaiveDate::from_ordinal_and_flags(year + 1, ordinal - ndays, nextflags)
                }
            }
        } else {
            None
        }
    }

    /// Makes a new `NaiveDate` from a day's number in the proleptic Gregorian calendar, with
    /// January 1, 1 being day 1.
    ///
    /// # Panics
    ///
    /// Panics if the date is out of range.
    #[deprecated(since = "0.4.23", note = "use `from_num_days_from_ce_opt()` instead")]
    #[inline]
    #[must_use]
    pub const fn from_num_days_from_ce(days: i32) -> NaiveDate {
        expect!(NaiveDate::from_num_days_from_ce_opt(days), "out-of-range date")
    }

    /// Makes a new `NaiveDate` from a day's number in the proleptic Gregorian calendar, with
    /// January 1, 1 being day 1.
    ///
    /// # Errors
    ///
    /// Returns `None` if the date is out of range.
    ///
    /// # Example
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use chrono::NaiveDate;
    ///
    /// let from_ndays_opt = NaiveDate::from_num_days_from_ce_opt;
    /// let from_ymd = |y, m, d| NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(y, m, d).unwrap();
    ///
    /// assert_eq!(from_ndays_opt(730_000),      Some(from_ymd(1999, 9, 3)));
    /// assert_eq!(from_ndays_opt(1),            Some(from_ymd(1, 1, 1)));
    /// assert_eq!(from_ndays_opt(0),            Some(from_ymd(0, 12, 31)));
    /// assert_eq!(from_ndays_opt(-1),           Some(from_ymd(0, 12, 30)));
    /// assert_eq!(from_ndays_opt(100_000_000),  None);
    /// assert_eq!(from_ndays_opt(-100_000_000), None);
    /// ```
    #[must_use]
    pub const fn from_num_days_from_ce_opt(days: i32) -> Option<NaiveDate> {
        let days = try_opt!(days.checked_add(365)); // make December 31, 1 BCE equal to day 0
        let year_div_400 = days.div_euclid(146_097);
        let cycle = days.rem_euclid(146_097);
        let (year_mod_400, ordinal) = internals::cycle_to_yo(cycle as u32);
        let flags = YearFlags::from_year_mod_400(year_mod_400 as i32);
        NaiveDate::from_ordinal_and_flags(year_div_400 * 400 + year_mod_400 as i32, ordinal, flags)
    }

    /// Makes a new `NaiveDate` by counting the number of occurrences of a particular day-of-week
    /// since the beginning of the given month. For instance, if you want the 2nd Friday of March
    /// 2017, you would use `NaiveDate::from_weekday_of_month(2017, 3, Weekday::Fri, 2)`.
    ///
    /// `n` is 1-indexed.
    ///
    /// # Panics
    ///
    /// Panics if the specified day does not exist in that month, on invalid values for `month` or
    /// `n`, or if `year` is out of range for `NaiveDate`.
    #[deprecated(since = "0.4.23", note = "use `from_weekday_of_month_opt()` instead")]
    #[must_use]
    pub const fn from_weekday_of_month(
        year: i32,
        month: u32,
        weekday: Weekday,
        n: u8,
    ) -> NaiveDate {
        expect!(NaiveDate::from_weekday_of_month_opt(year, month, weekday, n), "out-of-range date")
    }

    /// Makes a new `NaiveDate` by counting the number of occurrences of a particular day-of-week
    /// since the beginning of the given month. For instance, if you want the 2nd Friday of March
    /// 2017, you would use `NaiveDate::from_weekday_of_month(2017, 3, Weekday::Fri, 2)`.
    ///
    /// `n` is 1-indexed.
    ///
    /// # Errors
    ///
    /// Returns `None` if:
    /// - The specified day does not exist in that month (for example the 5th Monday of Apr. 2023).
    /// - The value for `month` or `n` is invalid.
    /// - `year` is out of range for `NaiveDate`.
    ///
    /// # Example
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use chrono::{NaiveDate, Weekday};
    /// assert_eq!(NaiveDate::from_weekday_of_month_opt(2017, 3, Weekday::Fri, 2),
    ///            NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2017, 3, 10))
    /// ```
    #[must_use]
    pub const fn from_weekday_of_month_opt(
        year: i32,
        month: u32,
        weekday: Weekday,
        n: u8,
    ) -> Option<NaiveDate> {
        if n == 0 {
            return None;
        }
        let first = try_opt!(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(year, month, 1)).weekday();
        let first_to_dow = (7 + weekday.number_from_monday() - first.number_from_monday()) % 7;
        let day = (n - 1) as u32 * 7 + first_to_dow + 1;
        NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(year, month, day)
    }

    /// Parses a string with the specified format string and returns a new `NaiveDate`.
    /// See the [`format::strftime` module](crate::format::strftime)
    /// on the supported escape sequences.
    ///
    /// # Example
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use chrono::NaiveDate;
    ///
    /// let parse_from_str = NaiveDate::parse_from_str;
    ///
    /// assert_eq!(parse_from_str("2015-09-05", "%Y-%m-%d"),
    ///            Ok(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2015, 9, 5).unwrap()));
    /// assert_eq!(parse_from_str("5sep2015", "%d%b%Y"),
    ///            Ok(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2015, 9, 5).unwrap()));
    /// ```
    ///
    /// Time and offset is ignored for the purpose of parsing.
    ///
    /// ```
    /// # use chrono::NaiveDate;
    /// # let parse_from_str = NaiveDate::parse_from_str;
    /// assert_eq!(parse_from_str("2014-5-17T12:34:56+09:30", "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S%z"),
    ///            Ok(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2014, 5, 17).unwrap()));
    /// ```
    ///
    /// Out-of-bound dates or insufficient fields are errors.
    ///
    /// ```
    /// # use chrono::NaiveDate;
    /// # let parse_from_str = NaiveDate::parse_from_str;
    /// assert!(parse_from_str("2015/9", "%Y/%m").is_err());
    /// assert!(parse_from_str("2015/9/31", "%Y/%m/%d").is_err());
    /// ```
    ///
    /// All parsed fields should be consistent to each other, otherwise it's an error.
    ///
    /// ```
    /// # use chrono::NaiveDate;
    /// # let parse_from_str = NaiveDate::parse_from_str;
    /// assert!(parse_from_str("Sat, 09 Aug 2013", "%a, %d %b %Y").is_err());
    /// ```
    pub fn parse_from_str(s: &str, fmt: &str) -> ParseResult<NaiveDate> {
        let mut parsed = Parsed::new();
        parse(&mut parsed, s, StrftimeItems::new(fmt))?;
        parsed.to_naive_date()
    }

    /// Parses a string from a user-specified format into a new `NaiveDate` value, and a slice with
    /// the remaining portion of the string.
    /// See the [`format::strftime` module](crate::format::strftime)
    /// on the supported escape sequences.
    ///
    /// Similar to [`parse_from_str`](#method.parse_from_str).
    ///
    /// # Example
    ///
    /// ```rust
    /// # use chrono::{NaiveDate};
    /// let (date, remainder) = NaiveDate::parse_and_remainder(
    ///     "2015-02-18 trailing text", "%Y-%m-%d").unwrap();
    /// assert_eq!(date, NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2015, 2, 18).unwrap());
    /// assert_eq!(remainder, " trailing text");
    /// ```
    pub fn parse_and_remainder<'a>(s: &'a str, fmt: &str) -> ParseResult<(NaiveDate, &'a str)> {
        let mut parsed = Parsed::new();
        let remainder = parse_and_remainder(&mut parsed, s, StrftimeItems::new(fmt))?;
        parsed.to_naive_date().map(|d| (d, remainder))
    }

    /// Add a duration in [`Months`] to the date
    ///
    /// Uses the last day of the month if the day does not exist in the resulting month.
    ///
    /// # Errors
    ///
    /// Returns `None` if the resulting date would be out of range.
    ///
    /// # Example
    ///
    /// ```
    /// # use chrono::{NaiveDate, Months};
    /// assert_eq!(
    ///     NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2022, 2, 20).unwrap().checked_add_months(Months::new(6)),
    ///     Some(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2022, 8, 20).unwrap())
    /// );
    /// assert_eq!(
    ///     NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2022, 7, 31).unwrap().checked_add_months(Months::new(2)),
    ///     Some(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2022, 9, 30).unwrap())
    /// );
    /// ```
    #[must_use]
    pub const fn checked_add_months(self, months: Months) -> Option<Self> {
        if months.0 == 0 {
            return Some(self);
        }

        match months.0 <= core::i32::MAX as u32 {
            true => self.diff_months(months.0 as i32),
            false => None,
        }
    }

    /// Subtract a duration in [`Months`] from the date
    ///
    /// Uses the last day of the month if the day does not exist in the resulting month.
    ///
    /// # Errors
    ///
    /// Returns `None` if the resulting date would be out of range.
    ///
    /// # Example
    ///
    /// ```
    /// # use chrono::{NaiveDate, Months};
    /// assert_eq!(
    ///     NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2022, 2, 20).unwrap().checked_sub_months(Months::new(6)),
    ///     Some(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2021, 8, 20).unwrap())
    /// );
    ///
    /// assert_eq!(
    ///     NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2014, 1, 1).unwrap()
    ///         .checked_sub_months(Months::new(core::i32::MAX as u32 + 1)),
    ///     None
    /// );
    /// ```
    #[must_use]
    pub const fn checked_sub_months(self, months: Months) -> Option<Self> {
        if months.0 == 0 {
            return Some(self);
        }

        // Copy `i32::MAX` here so we don't have to do a complicated cast
        match months.0 <= 2_147_483_647 {
            true => self.diff_months(-(months.0 as i32)),
            false => None,
        }
    }

    const fn diff_months(self, months: i32) -> Option<Self> {
        let (years, left) = ((months / 12), (months % 12));

        // Determine new year (without taking months into account for now

        let year = if (years > 0 && years > (MAX_YEAR - self.year()))
            || (years < 0 && years < (MIN_YEAR - self.year()))
        {
            return None;
        } else {
            self.year() + years
        };

        // Determine new month

        let month = self.month() as i32 + left;
        let (year, month) = if month <= 0 {
            if year == MIN_YEAR {
                return None;
            }

            (year - 1, month + 12)
        } else if month > 12 {
            if year == MAX_YEAR {
                return None;
            }

            (year + 1, month - 12)
        } else {
            (year, month)
        };

        // Clamp original day in case new month is shorter

        let flags = YearFlags::from_year(year);
        let feb_days = if flags.ndays() == 366 { 29 } else { 28 };
        let days = [31, feb_days, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31];
        let day_max = days[(month - 1) as usize];
        let mut day = self.day();
        if day > day_max {
            day = day_max;
        };

        NaiveDate::from_mdf(year, try_opt!(Mdf::new(month as u32, day, flags)))
    }

    /// Add a duration in [`Days`] to the date
    ///
    /// # Errors
    ///
    /// Returns `None` if the resulting date would be out of range.
    ///
    /// # Example
    ///
    /// ```
    /// # use chrono::{NaiveDate, Days};
    /// assert_eq!(
    ///     NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2022, 2, 20).unwrap().checked_add_days(Days::new(9)),
    ///     Some(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2022, 3, 1).unwrap())
    /// );
    /// assert_eq!(
    ///     NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2022, 7, 31).unwrap().checked_add_days(Days::new(2)),
    ///     Some(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2022, 8, 2).unwrap())
    /// );
    /// assert_eq!(
    ///     NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2022, 7, 31).unwrap().checked_add_days(Days::new(1000000000000)),
    ///     None
    /// );
    /// ```
    #[must_use]
    pub const fn checked_add_days(self, days: Days) -> Option<Self> {
        match days.0 <= i32::MAX as u64 {
            true => self.add_days(days.0 as i32),
            false => None,
        }
    }

    /// Subtract a duration in [`Days`] from the date
    ///
    /// # Errors
    ///
    /// Returns `None` if the resulting date would be out of range.
    ///
    /// # Example
    ///
    /// ```
    /// # use chrono::{NaiveDate, Days};
    /// assert_eq!(
    ///     NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2022, 2, 20).unwrap().checked_sub_days(Days::new(6)),
    ///     Some(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2022, 2, 14).unwrap())
    /// );
    /// assert_eq!(
    ///     NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2022, 2, 20).unwrap().checked_sub_days(Days::new(1000000000000)),
    ///     None
    /// );
    /// ```
    #[must_use]
    pub const fn checked_sub_days(self, days: Days) -> Option<Self> {
        match days.0 <= i32::MAX as u64 {
            true => self.add_days(-(days.0 as i32)),
            false => None,
        }
    }

    /// Add a duration of `i32` days to the date.
    pub(crate) const fn add_days(self, days: i32) -> Option<Self> {
        // fast path if the result is within the same year
        const ORDINAL_MASK: i32 = 0b1_1111_1111_0000;
        if let Some(ordinal) = ((self.ymdf & ORDINAL_MASK) >> 4).checked_add(days) {
            if ordinal > 0 && ordinal <= 365 {
                let year_and_flags = self.ymdf & !ORDINAL_MASK;
                return Some(NaiveDate { ymdf: year_and_flags | (ordinal << 4) });
            }
        }
        // do the full check
        let year = self.year();
        let (mut year_div_400, year_mod_400) = div_mod_floor(year, 400);
        let cycle = internals::yo_to_cycle(year_mod_400 as u32, self.of().ordinal());
        let cycle = try_opt!((cycle as i32).checked_add(days));
        let (cycle_div_400y, cycle) = div_mod_floor(cycle, 146_097);
        year_div_400 += cycle_div_400y;

        let (year_mod_400, ordinal) = internals::cycle_to_yo(cycle as u32);
        let flags = YearFlags::from_year_mod_400(year_mod_400 as i32);
        NaiveDate::from_ordinal_and_flags(year_div_400 * 400 + year_mod_400 as i32, ordinal, flags)
    }

    /// Makes a new `NaiveDateTime` from the current date and given `NaiveTime`.
    ///
    /// # Example
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use chrono::{NaiveDate, NaiveTime, NaiveDateTime};
    ///
    /// let d = NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2015, 6, 3).unwrap();
    /// let t = NaiveTime::from_hms_milli_opt(12, 34, 56, 789).unwrap();
    ///
    /// let dt: NaiveDateTime = d.and_time(t);
    /// assert_eq!(dt.date(), d);
    /// assert_eq!(dt.time(), t);
    /// ```
    #[inline]
    #[must_use]
    pub const fn and_time(&self, time: NaiveTime) -> NaiveDateTime {
        NaiveDateTime::new(*self, time)
    }

    /// Makes a new `NaiveDateTime` from the current date, hour, minute and second.
    ///
    /// No [leap second](./struct.NaiveTime.html#leap-second-handling) is allowed here;
    /// use `NaiveDate::and_hms_*` methods with a subsecond parameter instead.
    ///
    /// # Panics
    ///
    /// Panics on invalid hour, minute and/or second.
    #[deprecated(since = "0.4.23", note = "use `and_hms_opt()` instead")]
    #[inline]
    #[must_use]
    pub const fn and_hms(&self, hour: u32, min: u32, sec: u32) -> NaiveDateTime {
        expect!(self.and_hms_opt(hour, min, sec), "invalid time")
    }

    /// Makes a new `NaiveDateTime` from the current date, hour, minute and second.
    ///
    /// No [leap second](./struct.NaiveTime.html#leap-second-handling) is allowed here;
    /// use `NaiveDate::and_hms_*_opt` methods with a subsecond parameter instead.
    ///
    /// # Errors
    ///
    /// Returns `None` on invalid hour, minute and/or second.
    ///
    /// # Example
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use chrono::NaiveDate;
    ///
    /// let d = NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2015, 6, 3).unwrap();
    /// assert!(d.and_hms_opt(12, 34, 56).is_some());
    /// assert!(d.and_hms_opt(12, 34, 60).is_none()); // use `and_hms_milli_opt` instead
    /// assert!(d.and_hms_opt(12, 60, 56).is_none());
    /// assert!(d.and_hms_opt(24, 34, 56).is_none());
    /// ```
    #[inline]
    #[must_use]
    pub const fn and_hms_opt(&self, hour: u32, min: u32, sec: u32) -> Option<NaiveDateTime> {
        let time = try_opt!(NaiveTime::from_hms_opt(hour, min, sec));
        Some(self.and_time(time))
    }

    /// Makes a new `NaiveDateTime` from the current date, hour, minute, second and millisecond.
    ///
    /// The millisecond part is allowed to exceed 1,000,000,000 in order to represent a [leap second](
    /// ./struct.NaiveTime.html#leap-second-handling), but only when `sec == 59`.
    ///
    /// # Panics
    ///
    /// Panics on invalid hour, minute, second and/or millisecond.
    #[deprecated(since = "0.4.23", note = "use `and_hms_milli_opt()` instead")]
    #[inline]
    #[must_use]
    pub const fn and_hms_milli(&self, hour: u32, min: u32, sec: u32, milli: u32) -> NaiveDateTime {
        expect!(self.and_hms_milli_opt(hour, min, sec, milli), "invalid time")
    }

    /// Makes a new `NaiveDateTime` from the current date, hour, minute, second and millisecond.
    ///
    /// The millisecond part is allowed to exceed 1,000,000,000 in order to represent a [leap second](
    /// ./struct.NaiveTime.html#leap-second-handling), but only when `sec == 59`.
    ///
    /// # Errors
    ///
    /// Returns `None` on invalid hour, minute, second and/or millisecond.
    ///
    /// # Example
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use chrono::NaiveDate;
    ///
    /// let d = NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2015, 6, 3).unwrap();
    /// assert!(d.and_hms_milli_opt(12, 34, 56,   789).is_some());
    /// assert!(d.and_hms_milli_opt(12, 34, 59, 1_789).is_some()); // leap second
    /// assert!(d.and_hms_milli_opt(12, 34, 59, 2_789).is_none());
    /// assert!(d.and_hms_milli_opt(12, 34, 60,   789).is_none());
    /// assert!(d.and_hms_milli_opt(12, 60, 56,   789).is_none());
    /// assert!(d.and_hms_milli_opt(24, 34, 56,   789).is_none());
    /// ```
    #[inline]
    #[must_use]
    pub const fn and_hms_milli_opt(
        &self,
        hour: u32,
        min: u32,
        sec: u32,
        milli: u32,
    ) -> Option<NaiveDateTime> {
        let time = try_opt!(NaiveTime::from_hms_milli_opt(hour, min, sec, milli));
        Some(self.and_time(time))
    }

    /// Makes a new `NaiveDateTime` from the current date, hour, minute, second and microsecond.
    ///
    /// The microsecond part is allowed to exceed 1,000,000,000 in order to represent a [leap second](
    /// ./struct.NaiveTime.html#leap-second-handling), but only when `sec == 59`.
    ///
    /// # Panics
    ///
    /// Panics on invalid hour, minute, second and/or microsecond.
    ///
    /// # Example
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use chrono::{NaiveDate, NaiveDateTime, Datelike, Timelike, Weekday};
    ///
    /// let d = NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2015, 6, 3).unwrap();
    ///
    /// let dt: NaiveDateTime = d.and_hms_micro_opt(12, 34, 56, 789_012).unwrap();
    /// assert_eq!(dt.year(), 2015);
    /// assert_eq!(dt.weekday(), Weekday::Wed);
    /// assert_eq!(dt.second(), 56);
    /// assert_eq!(dt.nanosecond(), 789_012_000);
    /// ```
    #[deprecated(since = "0.4.23", note = "use `and_hms_micro_opt()` instead")]
    #[inline]
    #[must_use]
    pub const fn and_hms_micro(&self, hour: u32, min: u32, sec: u32, micro: u32) -> NaiveDateTime {
        expect!(self.and_hms_micro_opt(hour, min, sec, micro), "invalid time")
    }

    /// Makes a new `NaiveDateTime` from the current date, hour, minute, second and microsecond.
    ///
    /// The microsecond part is allowed to exceed 1,000,000,000 in order to represent a [leap second](
    /// ./struct.NaiveTime.html#leap-second-handling), but only when `sec == 59`.
    ///
    /// # Errors
    ///
    /// Returns `None` on invalid hour, minute, second and/or microsecond.
    ///
    /// # Example
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use chrono::NaiveDate;
    ///
    /// let d = NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2015, 6, 3).unwrap();
    /// assert!(d.and_hms_micro_opt(12, 34, 56,   789_012).is_some());
    /// assert!(d.and_hms_micro_opt(12, 34, 59, 1_789_012).is_some()); // leap second
    /// assert!(d.and_hms_micro_opt(12, 34, 59, 2_789_012).is_none());
    /// assert!(d.and_hms_micro_opt(12, 34, 60,   789_012).is_none());
    /// assert!(d.and_hms_micro_opt(12, 60, 56,   789_012).is_none());
    /// assert!(d.and_hms_micro_opt(24, 34, 56,   789_012).is_none());
    /// ```
    #[inline]
    #[must_use]
    pub const fn and_hms_micro_opt(
        &self,
        hour: u32,
        min: u32,
        sec: u32,
        micro: u32,
    ) -> Option<NaiveDateTime> {
        let time = try_opt!(NaiveTime::from_hms_micro_opt(hour, min, sec, micro));
        Some(self.and_time(time))
    }

    /// Makes a new `NaiveDateTime` from the current date, hour, minute, second and nanosecond.
    ///
    /// The nanosecond part is allowed to exceed 1,000,000,000 in order to represent a [leap second](
    /// ./struct.NaiveTime.html#leap-second-handling), but only when `sec == 59`.
    ///
    /// # Panics
    ///
    /// Panics on invalid hour, minute, second and/or nanosecond.
    #[deprecated(since = "0.4.23", note = "use `and_hms_nano_opt()` instead")]
    #[inline]
    #[must_use]
    pub const fn and_hms_nano(&self, hour: u32, min: u32, sec: u32, nano: u32) -> NaiveDateTime {
        expect!(self.and_hms_nano_opt(hour, min, sec, nano), "invalid time")
    }

    /// Makes a new `NaiveDateTime` from the current date, hour, minute, second and nanosecond.
    ///
    /// The nanosecond part is allowed to exceed 1,000,000,000 in order to represent a [leap second](
    /// ./struct.NaiveTime.html#leap-second-handling), but only when `sec == 59`.
    ///
    /// # Errors
    ///
    /// Returns `None` on invalid hour, minute, second and/or nanosecond.
    ///
    /// # Example
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use chrono::NaiveDate;
    ///
    /// let d = NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2015, 6, 3).unwrap();
    /// assert!(d.and_hms_nano_opt(12, 34, 56,   789_012_345).is_some());
    /// assert!(d.and_hms_nano_opt(12, 34, 59, 1_789_012_345).is_some()); // leap second
    /// assert!(d.and_hms_nano_opt(12, 34, 59, 2_789_012_345).is_none());
    /// assert!(d.and_hms_nano_opt(12, 34, 60,   789_012_345).is_none());
    /// assert!(d.and_hms_nano_opt(12, 60, 56,   789_012_345).is_none());
    /// assert!(d.and_hms_nano_opt(24, 34, 56,   789_012_345).is_none());
    /// ```
    #[inline]
    #[must_use]
    pub const fn and_hms_nano_opt(
        &self,
        hour: u32,
        min: u32,
        sec: u32,
        nano: u32,
    ) -> Option<NaiveDateTime> {
        let time = try_opt!(NaiveTime::from_hms_nano_opt(hour, min, sec, nano));
        Some(self.and_time(time))
    }

    /// Returns the packed month-day-flags.
    #[inline]
    const fn mdf(&self) -> Mdf {
        self.of().to_mdf()
    }

    /// Returns the packed ordinal-flags.
    #[inline]
    const fn of(&self) -> Of {
        Of::from_date_impl(self.ymdf)
    }

    /// Makes a new `NaiveDate` with the packed month-day-flags changed.
    ///
    /// Returns `None` when the resulting `NaiveDate` would be invalid.
    #[inline]
    const fn with_mdf(&self, mdf: Mdf) -> Option<NaiveDate> {
        Some(self.with_of(try_opt!(mdf.to_of())))
    }

    /// Makes a new `NaiveDate` with the packed ordinal-flags changed.
    ///
    /// Returns `None` when the resulting `NaiveDate` would be invalid.
    /// Does not check if the year flags match the year.
    #[inline]
    const fn with_of(&self, of: Of) -> NaiveDate {
        NaiveDate { ymdf: (self.ymdf & !0b1_1111_1111_1111) | of.inner() as DateImpl }
    }

    /// Makes a new `NaiveDate` for the next calendar date.
    ///
    /// # Panics
    ///
    /// Panics when `self` is the last representable date.
    #[deprecated(since = "0.4.23", note = "use `succ_opt()` instead")]
    #[inline]
    #[must_use]
    pub const fn succ(&self) -> NaiveDate {
        expect!(self.succ_opt(), "out of bound")
    }

    /// Makes a new `NaiveDate` for the next calendar date.
    ///
    /// # Errors
    ///
    /// Returns `None` when `self` is the last representable date.
    ///
    /// # Example
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use chrono::NaiveDate;
    ///
    /// assert_eq!(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2015, 6, 3).unwrap().succ_opt(),
    ///            Some(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2015, 6, 4).unwrap()));
    /// assert_eq!(NaiveDate::MAX.succ_opt(), None);
    /// ```
    #[inline]
    #[must_use]
    pub const fn succ_opt(&self) -> Option<NaiveDate> {
        match self.of().succ() {
            Some(of) => Some(self.with_of(of)),
            None => NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(self.year() + 1, 1, 1),
        }
    }

    /// Makes a new `NaiveDate` for the previous calendar date.
    ///
    /// # Panics
    ///
    /// Panics when `self` is the first representable date.
    #[deprecated(since = "0.4.23", note = "use `pred_opt()` instead")]
    #[inline]
    #[must_use]
    pub const fn pred(&self) -> NaiveDate {
        expect!(self.pred_opt(), "out of bound")
    }

    /// Makes a new `NaiveDate` for the previous calendar date.
    ///
    /// # Errors
    ///
    /// Returns `None` when `self` is the first representable date.
    ///
    /// # Example
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use chrono::NaiveDate;
    ///
    /// assert_eq!(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2015, 6, 3).unwrap().pred_opt(),
    ///            Some(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2015, 6, 2).unwrap()));
    /// assert_eq!(NaiveDate::MIN.pred_opt(), None);
    /// ```
    #[inline]
    #[must_use]
    pub const fn pred_opt(&self) -> Option<NaiveDate> {
        match self.of().pred() {
            Some(of) => Some(self.with_of(of)),
            None => NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(self.year() - 1, 12, 31),
        }
    }

    /// Adds the number of whole days in the given `TimeDelta` to the current date.
    ///
    /// # Errors
    ///
    /// Returns `None` if the resulting date would be out of range.
    ///
    /// # Example
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use chrono::{TimeDelta, NaiveDate};
    ///
    /// let d = NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2015, 9, 5).unwrap();
    /// assert_eq!(d.checked_add_signed(TimeDelta::days(40)),
    ///            Some(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2015, 10, 15).unwrap()));
    /// assert_eq!(d.checked_add_signed(TimeDelta::days(-40)),
    ///            Some(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2015, 7, 27).unwrap()));
    /// assert_eq!(d.checked_add_signed(TimeDelta::days(1_000_000_000)), None);
    /// assert_eq!(d.checked_add_signed(TimeDelta::days(-1_000_000_000)), None);
    /// assert_eq!(NaiveDate::MAX.checked_add_signed(TimeDelta::days(1)), None);
    /// ```
    #[must_use]
    pub const fn checked_add_signed(self, rhs: TimeDelta) -> Option<NaiveDate> {
        let days = rhs.num_days();
        if days < i32::MIN as i64 || days > i32::MAX as i64 {
            return None;
        }
        self.add_days(days as i32)
    }

    /// Subtracts the number of whole days in the given `TimeDelta` from the current date.
    ///
    /// # Errors
    ///
    /// Returns `None` if the resulting date would be out of range.
    ///
    /// # Example
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use chrono::{TimeDelta, NaiveDate};
    ///
    /// let d = NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2015, 9, 5).unwrap();
    /// assert_eq!(d.checked_sub_signed(TimeDelta::days(40)),
    ///            Some(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2015, 7, 27).unwrap()));
    /// assert_eq!(d.checked_sub_signed(TimeDelta::days(-40)),
    ///            Some(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2015, 10, 15).unwrap()));
    /// assert_eq!(d.checked_sub_signed(TimeDelta::days(1_000_000_000)), None);
    /// assert_eq!(d.checked_sub_signed(TimeDelta::days(-1_000_000_000)), None);
    /// assert_eq!(NaiveDate::MIN.checked_sub_signed(TimeDelta::days(1)), None);
    /// ```
    #[must_use]
    pub const fn checked_sub_signed(self, rhs: TimeDelta) -> Option<NaiveDate> {
        let days = -rhs.num_days();
        if days < i32::MIN as i64 || days > i32::MAX as i64 {
            return None;
        }
        self.add_days(days as i32)
    }

    /// Subtracts another `NaiveDate` from the current date.
    /// Returns a `TimeDelta` of integral numbers.
    ///
    /// This does not overflow or underflow at all,
    /// as all possible output fits in the range of `TimeDelta`.
    ///
    /// # Example
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use chrono::{TimeDelta, NaiveDate};
    ///
    /// let from_ymd = |y, m, d| NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(y, m, d).unwrap();
    /// let since = NaiveDate::signed_duration_since;
    ///
    /// assert_eq!(since(from_ymd(2014, 1, 1), from_ymd(2014, 1, 1)), TimeDelta::zero());
    /// assert_eq!(since(from_ymd(2014, 1, 1), from_ymd(2013, 12, 31)), TimeDelta::days(1));
    /// assert_eq!(since(from_ymd(2014, 1, 1), from_ymd(2014, 1, 2)), TimeDelta::days(-1));
    /// assert_eq!(since(from_ymd(2014, 1, 1), from_ymd(2013, 9, 23)), TimeDelta::days(100));
    /// assert_eq!(since(from_ymd(2014, 1, 1), from_ymd(2013, 1, 1)), TimeDelta::days(365));
    /// assert_eq!(since(from_ymd(2014, 1, 1), from_ymd(2010, 1, 1)), TimeDelta::days(365*4 + 1));
    /// assert_eq!(since(from_ymd(2014, 1, 1), from_ymd(1614, 1, 1)), TimeDelta::days(365*400 + 97));
    /// ```
    #[must_use]
    pub const fn signed_duration_since(self, rhs: NaiveDate) -> TimeDelta {
        let year1 = self.year();
        let year2 = rhs.year();
        let (year1_div_400, year1_mod_400) = div_mod_floor(year1, 400);
        let (year2_div_400, year2_mod_400) = div_mod_floor(year2, 400);
        let cycle1 = internals::yo_to_cycle(year1_mod_400 as u32, self.of().ordinal()) as i64;
        let cycle2 = internals::yo_to_cycle(year2_mod_400 as u32, rhs.of().ordinal()) as i64;
        TimeDelta::days((year1_div_400 as i64 - year2_div_400 as i64) * 146_097 + (cycle1 - cycle2))
    }

    /// Returns the number of whole years from the given `base` until `self`.
    ///
    /// # Errors
    ///
    /// Returns `None` if `base < self`.
    #[must_use]
    pub const fn years_since(&self, base: Self) -> Option<u32> {
        let mut years = self.year() - base.year();
        // Comparing tuples is not (yet) possible in const context. Instead we combine month and
        // day into one `u32` for easy comparison.
        if (self.month() << 5 | self.day()) < (base.month() << 5 | base.day()) {
            years -= 1;
        }

        match years >= 0 {
            true => Some(years as u32),
            false => None,
        }
    }

    /// Formats the date with the specified formatting items.
    /// Otherwise it is the same as the ordinary `format` method.
    ///
    /// The `Iterator` of items should be `Clone`able,
    /// since the resulting `DelayedFormat` value may be formatted multiple times.
    ///
    /// # Example
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use chrono::NaiveDate;
    /// use chrono::format::strftime::StrftimeItems;
    ///
    /// let fmt = StrftimeItems::new("%Y-%m-%d");
    /// let d = NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2015, 9, 5).unwrap();
    /// assert_eq!(d.format_with_items(fmt.clone()).to_string(), "2015-09-05");
    /// assert_eq!(d.format("%Y-%m-%d").to_string(),             "2015-09-05");
    /// ```
    ///
    /// The resulting `DelayedFormat` can be formatted directly via the `Display` trait.
    ///
    /// ```
    /// # use chrono::NaiveDate;
    /// # use chrono::format::strftime::StrftimeItems;
    /// # let fmt = StrftimeItems::new("%Y-%m-%d").clone();
    /// # let d = NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2015, 9, 5).unwrap();
    /// assert_eq!(format!("{}", d.format_with_items(fmt)), "2015-09-05");
    /// ```
    #[cfg(feature = "alloc")]
    #[inline]
    #[must_use]
    pub fn format_with_items<'a, I, B>(&self, items: I) -> DelayedFormat<I>
    where
        I: Iterator<Item = B> + Clone,
        B: Borrow<Item<'a>>,
    {
        DelayedFormat::new(Some(*self), None, items)
    }

    /// Formats the date with the specified format string.
    /// See the [`format::strftime` module](crate::format::strftime)
    /// on the supported escape sequences.
    ///
    /// This returns a `DelayedFormat`,
    /// which gets converted to a string only when actual formatting happens.
    /// You may use the `to_string` method to get a `String`,
    /// or just feed it into `print!` and other formatting macros.
    /// (In this way it avoids the redundant memory allocation.)
    ///
    /// A wrong format string does *not* issue an error immediately.
    /// Rather, converting or formatting the `DelayedFormat` fails.
    /// You are recommended to immediately use `DelayedFormat` for this reason.
    ///
    /// # Example
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use chrono::NaiveDate;
    ///
    /// let d = NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2015, 9, 5).unwrap();
    /// assert_eq!(d.format("%Y-%m-%d").to_string(), "2015-09-05");
    /// assert_eq!(d.format("%A, %-d %B, %C%y").to_string(), "Saturday, 5 September, 2015");
    /// ```
    ///
    /// The resulting `DelayedFormat` can be formatted directly via the `Display` trait.
    ///
    /// ```
    /// # use chrono::NaiveDate;
    /// # let d = NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2015, 9, 5).unwrap();
    /// assert_eq!(format!("{}", d.format("%Y-%m-%d")), "2015-09-05");
    /// assert_eq!(format!("{}", d.format("%A, %-d %B, %C%y")), "Saturday, 5 September, 2015");
    /// ```
    #[cfg(feature = "alloc")]
    #[inline]
    #[must_use]
    pub fn format<'a>(&self, fmt: &'a str) -> DelayedFormat<StrftimeItems<'a>> {
        self.format_with_items(StrftimeItems::new(fmt))
    }

    /// Formats the date with the specified formatting items and locale.
    #[cfg(all(feature = "unstable-locales", feature = "alloc"))]
    #[inline]
    #[must_use]
    pub fn format_localized_with_items<'a, I, B>(
        &self,
        items: I,
        locale: Locale,
    ) -> DelayedFormat<I>
    where
        I: Iterator<Item = B> + Clone,
        B: Borrow<Item<'a>>,
    {
        DelayedFormat::new_with_locale(Some(*self), None, items, locale)
    }

    /// Formats the date with the specified format string and locale.
    ///
    /// See the [`crate::format::strftime`] module on the supported escape
    /// sequences.
    #[cfg(all(feature = "unstable-locales", feature = "alloc"))]
    #[inline]
    #[must_use]
    pub fn format_localized<'a>(
        &self,
        fmt: &'a str,
        locale: Locale,
    ) -> DelayedFormat<StrftimeItems<'a>> {
        self.format_localized_with_items(StrftimeItems::new_with_locale(fmt, locale), locale)
    }

    /// Returns an iterator that steps by days across all representable dates.
    ///
    /// # Example
    ///
    /// ```
    /// # use chrono::NaiveDate;
    ///
    /// let expected = [
    ///     NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2016, 2, 27).unwrap(),
    ///     NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2016, 2, 28).unwrap(),
    ///     NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2016, 2, 29).unwrap(),
    ///     NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2016, 3, 1).unwrap(),
    /// ];
    ///
    /// let mut count = 0;
    /// for (idx, d) in NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2016, 2, 27).unwrap().iter_days().take(4).enumerate() {
    ///    assert_eq!(d, expected[idx]);
    ///    count += 1;
    /// }
    /// assert_eq!(count, 4);
    ///
    /// for d in NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2016, 3, 1).unwrap().iter_days().rev().take(4) {
    ///     count -= 1;
    ///     assert_eq!(d, expected[count]);
    /// }
    /// ```
    #[inline]
    pub const fn iter_days(&self) -> NaiveDateDaysIterator {
        NaiveDateDaysIterator { value: *self }
    }

    /// Returns an iterator that steps by weeks across all representable dates.
    ///
    /// # Example
    ///
    /// ```
    /// # use chrono::NaiveDate;
    ///
    /// let expected = [
    ///     NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2016, 2, 27).unwrap(),
    ///     NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2016, 3, 5).unwrap(),
    ///     NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2016, 3, 12).unwrap(),
    ///     NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2016, 3, 19).unwrap(),
    /// ];
    ///
    /// let mut count = 0;
    /// for (idx, d) in NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2016, 2, 27).unwrap().iter_weeks().take(4).enumerate() {
    ///    assert_eq!(d, expected[idx]);
    ///    count += 1;
    /// }
    /// assert_eq!(count, 4);
    ///
    /// for d in NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2016, 3, 19).unwrap().iter_weeks().rev().take(4) {
    ///     count -= 1;
    ///     assert_eq!(d, expected[count]);
    /// }
    /// ```
    #[inline]
    pub const fn iter_weeks(&self) -> NaiveDateWeeksIterator {
        NaiveDateWeeksIterator { value: *self }
    }

    /// Returns the [`NaiveWeek`] that the date belongs to, starting with the [`Weekday`]
    /// specified.
    #[inline]
    pub const fn week(&self, start: Weekday) -> NaiveWeek {
        NaiveWeek { date: *self, start }
    }

    /// Returns `true` if this is a leap year.
    ///
    /// ```
    /// # use chrono::NaiveDate;
    /// assert_eq!(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2000, 1, 1).unwrap().leap_year(), true);
    /// assert_eq!(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2001, 1, 1).unwrap().leap_year(), false);
    /// assert_eq!(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2002, 1, 1).unwrap().leap_year(), false);
    /// assert_eq!(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2003, 1, 1).unwrap().leap_year(), false);
    /// assert_eq!(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2004, 1, 1).unwrap().leap_year(), true);
    /// assert_eq!(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2100, 1, 1).unwrap().leap_year(), false);
    /// ```
    pub const fn leap_year(&self) -> bool {
        self.ymdf & (0b1000) == 0
    }

    // This duplicates `Datelike::year()`, because trait methods can't be const yet.
    #[inline]
    const fn year(&self) -> i32 {
        self.ymdf >> 13
    }

    /// Returns the day of year starting from 1.
    // This duplicates `Datelike::ordinal()`, because trait methods can't be const yet.
    #[inline]
    const fn ordinal(&self) -> u32 {
        self.of().ordinal()
    }

    // This duplicates `Datelike::month()`, because trait methods can't be const yet.
    #[inline]
    const fn month(&self) -> u32 {
        self.mdf().month()
    }

    // This duplicates `Datelike::day()`, because trait methods can't be const yet.
    #[inline]
    const fn day(&self) -> u32 {
        self.mdf().day()
    }

    // This duplicates `Datelike::weekday()`, because trait methods can't be const yet.
    #[inline]
    const fn weekday(&self) -> Weekday {
        self.of().weekday()
    }

    /// Counts the days in the proleptic Gregorian calendar, with January 1, Year 1 (CE) as day 1.
    // This duplicates `Datelike::num_days_from_ce()`, because trait methods can't be const yet.
    pub(crate) const fn num_days_from_ce(&self) -> i32 {
        // we know this wouldn't overflow since year is limited to 1/2^13 of i32's full range.
        let mut year = self.year() - 1;
        let mut ndays = 0;
        if year < 0 {
            let excess = 1 + (-year) / 400;
            year += excess * 400;
            ndays -= excess * 146_097;
        }
        let div_100 = year / 100;
        ndays += ((year * 1461) >> 2) - div_100 + (div_100 >> 2);
        ndays + self.ordinal() as i32
    }

    /// The minimum possible `NaiveDate` (January 1, 262144 BCE).
    pub const MIN: NaiveDate = NaiveDate { ymdf: (MIN_YEAR << 13) | (1 << 4) | 0o12 /*D*/ };
    /// The maximum possible `NaiveDate` (December 31, 262142 CE).
    pub const MAX: NaiveDate = NaiveDate { ymdf: (MAX_YEAR << 13) | (365 << 4) | 0o16 /*G*/ };

    /// One day before the minimum possible `NaiveDate` (December 31, 262145 BCE).
    pub(crate) const BEFORE_MIN: NaiveDate =
        NaiveDate { ymdf: ((MIN_YEAR - 1) << 13) | (366 << 4) | 0o07 /*FE*/ };
    /// One day after the maximum possible `NaiveDate` (January 1, 262143 CE).
    pub(crate) const AFTER_MAX: NaiveDate =
        NaiveDate { ymdf: ((MAX_YEAR + 1) << 13) | (1 << 4) | 0o17 /*F*/ };
}

impl Datelike for NaiveDate {
    /// Returns the year number in the [calendar date](#calendar-date).
    ///
    /// # Example
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use chrono::{NaiveDate, Datelike};
    ///
    /// assert_eq!(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2015, 9, 8).unwrap().year(), 2015);
    /// assert_eq!(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(-308, 3, 14).unwrap().year(), -308); // 309 BCE
    /// ```
    #[inline]
    fn year(&self) -> i32 {
        self.year()
    }

    /// Returns the month number starting from 1.
    ///
    /// The return value ranges from 1 to 12.
    ///
    /// # Example
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use chrono::{NaiveDate, Datelike};
    ///
    /// assert_eq!(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2015, 9, 8).unwrap().month(), 9);
    /// assert_eq!(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(-308, 3, 14).unwrap().month(), 3);
    /// ```
    #[inline]
    fn month(&self) -> u32 {
        self.month()
    }

    /// Returns the month number starting from 0.
    ///
    /// The return value ranges from 0 to 11.
    ///
    /// # Example
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use chrono::{NaiveDate, Datelike};
    ///
    /// assert_eq!(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2015, 9, 8).unwrap().month0(), 8);
    /// assert_eq!(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(-308, 3, 14).unwrap().month0(), 2);
    /// ```
    #[inline]
    fn month0(&self) -> u32 {
        self.month() - 1
    }

    /// Returns the day of month starting from 1.
    ///
    /// The return value ranges from 1 to 31. (The last day of month differs by months.)
    ///
    /// # Example
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use chrono::{NaiveDate, Datelike};
    ///
    /// assert_eq!(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2015, 9, 8).unwrap().day(), 8);
    /// assert_eq!(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(-308, 3, 14).unwrap().day(), 14);
    /// ```
    ///
    /// Combined with [`NaiveDate::pred_opt`](#method.pred_opt),
    /// one can determine the number of days in a particular month.
    /// (Note that this panics when `year` is out of range.)
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use chrono::{NaiveDate, Datelike};
    ///
    /// fn ndays_in_month(year: i32, month: u32) -> u32 {
    ///     // the first day of the next month...
    ///     let (y, m) = if month == 12 { (year + 1, 1) } else { (year, month + 1) };
    ///     let d = NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(y, m, 1).unwrap();
    ///
    ///     // ...is preceded by the last day of the original month
    ///     d.pred_opt().unwrap().day()
    /// }
    ///
    /// assert_eq!(ndays_in_month(2015, 8), 31);
    /// assert_eq!(ndays_in_month(2015, 9), 30);
    /// assert_eq!(ndays_in_month(2015, 12), 31);
    /// assert_eq!(ndays_in_month(2016, 2), 29);
    /// assert_eq!(ndays_in_month(2017, 2), 28);
    /// ```
    #[inline]
    fn day(&self) -> u32 {
        self.day()
    }

    /// Returns the day of month starting from 0.
    ///
    /// The return value ranges from 0 to 30. (The last day of month differs by months.)
    ///
    /// # Example
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use chrono::{NaiveDate, Datelike};
    ///
    /// assert_eq!(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2015, 9, 8).unwrap().day0(), 7);
    /// assert_eq!(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(-308, 3, 14).unwrap().day0(), 13);
    /// ```
    #[inline]
    fn day0(&self) -> u32 {
        self.mdf().day() - 1
    }

    /// Returns the day of year starting from 1.
    ///
    /// The return value ranges from 1 to 366. (The last day of year differs by years.)
    ///
    /// # Example
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use chrono::{NaiveDate, Datelike};
    ///
    /// assert_eq!(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2015, 9, 8).unwrap().ordinal(), 251);
    /// assert_eq!(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(-308, 3, 14).unwrap().ordinal(), 74);
    /// ```
    ///
    /// Combined with [`NaiveDate::pred_opt`](#method.pred_opt),
    /// one can determine the number of days in a particular year.
    /// (Note that this panics when `year` is out of range.)
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use chrono::{NaiveDate, Datelike};
    ///
    /// fn ndays_in_year(year: i32) -> u32 {
    ///     // the first day of the next year...
    ///     let d = NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(year + 1, 1, 1).unwrap();
    ///
    ///     // ...is preceded by the last day of the original year
    ///     d.pred_opt().unwrap().ordinal()
    /// }
    ///
    /// assert_eq!(ndays_in_year(2015), 365);
    /// assert_eq!(ndays_in_year(2016), 366);
    /// assert_eq!(ndays_in_year(2017), 365);
    /// assert_eq!(ndays_in_year(2000), 366);
    /// assert_eq!(ndays_in_year(2100), 365);
    /// ```
    #[inline]
    fn ordinal(&self) -> u32 {
        self.of().ordinal()
    }

    /// Returns the day of year starting from 0.
    ///
    /// The return value ranges from 0 to 365. (The last day of year differs by years.)
    ///
    /// # Example
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use chrono::{NaiveDate, Datelike};
    ///
    /// assert_eq!(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2015, 9, 8).unwrap().ordinal0(), 250);
    /// assert_eq!(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(-308, 3, 14).unwrap().ordinal0(), 73);
    /// ```
    #[inline]
    fn ordinal0(&self) -> u32 {
        self.of().ordinal() - 1
    }

    /// Returns the day of week.
    ///
    /// # Example
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use chrono::{NaiveDate, Datelike, Weekday};
    ///
    /// assert_eq!(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2015, 9, 8).unwrap().weekday(), Weekday::Tue);
    /// assert_eq!(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(-308, 3, 14).unwrap().weekday(), Weekday::Fri);
    /// ```
    #[inline]
    fn weekday(&self) -> Weekday {
        self.weekday()
    }

    #[inline]
    fn iso_week(&self) -> IsoWeek {
        isoweek::iso_week_from_yof(self.year(), self.of())
    }

    /// Makes a new `NaiveDate` with the year number changed, while keeping the same month and day.
    ///
    /// # Errors
    ///
    /// Returns `None` if the resulting date does not exist, or when the `NaiveDate` would be
    /// out of range.
    ///
    /// # Example
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use chrono::{NaiveDate, Datelike};
    ///
    /// assert_eq!(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2015, 9, 8).unwrap().with_year(2016),
    ///            Some(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2016, 9, 8).unwrap()));
    /// assert_eq!(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2015, 9, 8).unwrap().with_year(-308),
    ///            Some(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(-308, 9, 8).unwrap()));
    /// ```
    ///
    /// A leap day (February 29) is a good example that this method can return `None`.
    ///
    /// ```
    /// # use chrono::{NaiveDate, Datelike};
    /// assert!(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2016, 2, 29).unwrap().with_year(2015).is_none());
    /// assert!(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2016, 2, 29).unwrap().with_year(2020).is_some());
    /// ```
    #[inline]
    fn with_year(&self, year: i32) -> Option<NaiveDate> {
        // we need to operate with `mdf` since we should keep the month and day number as is
        let mdf = self.mdf();

        // adjust the flags as needed
        let flags = YearFlags::from_year(year);
        let mdf = mdf.with_flags(flags);

        NaiveDate::from_mdf(year, mdf)
    }

    /// Makes a new `NaiveDate` with the month number (starting from 1) changed.
    ///
    /// # Errors
    ///
    /// Returns `None` if the resulting date does not exist, or if the value for `month` is invalid.
    ///
    /// # Example
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use chrono::{NaiveDate, Datelike};
    ///
    /// assert_eq!(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2015, 9, 8).unwrap().with_month(10),
    ///            Some(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2015, 10, 8).unwrap()));
    /// assert_eq!(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2015, 9, 8).unwrap().with_month(13), None); // no month 13
    /// assert_eq!(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2015, 9, 30).unwrap().with_month(2), None); // no February 30
    /// ```
    #[inline]
    fn with_month(&self, month: u32) -> Option<NaiveDate> {
        self.with_mdf(self.mdf().with_month(month)?)
    }

    /// Makes a new `NaiveDate` with the month number (starting from 0) changed.
    ///
    /// # Errors
    ///
    /// Returns `None` if the resulting date does not exist, or if the value for `month0` is
    /// invalid.
    ///
    /// # Example
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use chrono::{NaiveDate, Datelike};
    ///
    /// assert_eq!(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2015, 9, 8).unwrap().with_month0(9),
    ///            Some(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2015, 10, 8).unwrap()));
    /// assert_eq!(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2015, 9, 8).unwrap().with_month0(12), None); // no month 13
    /// assert_eq!(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2015, 9, 30).unwrap().with_month0(1), None); // no February 30
    /// ```
    #[inline]
    fn with_month0(&self, month0: u32) -> Option<NaiveDate> {
        let month = month0.checked_add(1)?;
        self.with_mdf(self.mdf().with_month(month)?)
    }

    /// Makes a new `NaiveDate` with the day of month (starting from 1) changed.
    ///
    /// # Errors
    ///
    /// Returns `None` if the resulting date does not exist, or if the value for `day` is invalid.
    ///
    /// # Example
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use chrono::{NaiveDate, Datelike};
    ///
    /// assert_eq!(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2015, 9, 8).unwrap().with_day(30),
    ///            Some(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2015, 9, 30).unwrap()));
    /// assert_eq!(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2015, 9, 8).unwrap().with_day(31),
    ///            None); // no September 31
    /// ```
    #[inline]
    fn with_day(&self, day: u32) -> Option<NaiveDate> {
        self.with_mdf(self.mdf().with_day(day)?)
    }

    /// Makes a new `NaiveDate` with the day of month (starting from 0) changed.
    ///
    /// # Errors
    ///
    /// Returns `None` if the resulting date does not exist, or if the value for `day0` is invalid.
    ///
    /// # Example
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use chrono::{NaiveDate, Datelike};
    ///
    /// assert_eq!(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2015, 9, 8).unwrap().with_day0(29),
    ///            Some(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2015, 9, 30).unwrap()));
    /// assert_eq!(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2015, 9, 8).unwrap().with_day0(30),
    ///            None); // no September 31
    /// ```
    #[inline]
    fn with_day0(&self, day0: u32) -> Option<NaiveDate> {
        let day = day0.checked_add(1)?;
        self.with_mdf(self.mdf().with_day(day)?)
    }

    /// Makes a new `NaiveDate` with the day of year (starting from 1) changed.
    ///
    /// # Errors
    ///
    /// Returns `None` if the resulting date does not exist, or if the value for `ordinal` is
    /// invalid.
    ///
    /// # Example
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use chrono::{NaiveDate, Datelike};
    ///
    /// assert_eq!(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2015, 1, 1).unwrap().with_ordinal(60),
    ///            Some(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2015, 3, 1).unwrap()));
    /// assert_eq!(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2015, 1, 1).unwrap().with_ordinal(366),
    ///            None); // 2015 had only 365 days
    ///
    /// assert_eq!(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2016, 1, 1).unwrap().with_ordinal(60),
    ///            Some(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2016, 2, 29).unwrap()));
    /// assert_eq!(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2016, 1, 1).unwrap().with_ordinal(366),
    ///            Some(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2016, 12, 31).unwrap()));
    /// ```
    #[inline]
    fn with_ordinal(&self, ordinal: u32) -> Option<NaiveDate> {
        self.of().with_ordinal(ordinal).map(|of| self.with_of(of))
    }

    /// Makes a new `NaiveDate` with the day of year (starting from 0) changed.
    ///
    /// # Errors
    ///
    /// Returns `None` if the resulting date does not exist, or if the value for `ordinal0` is
    /// invalid.
    ///
    /// # Example
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use chrono::{NaiveDate, Datelike};
    ///
    /// assert_eq!(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2015, 1, 1).unwrap().with_ordinal0(59),
    ///            Some(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2015, 3, 1).unwrap()));
    /// assert_eq!(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2015, 1, 1).unwrap().with_ordinal0(365),
    ///            None); // 2015 had only 365 days
    ///
    /// assert_eq!(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2016, 1, 1).unwrap().with_ordinal0(59),
    ///            Some(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2016, 2, 29).unwrap()));
    /// assert_eq!(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2016, 1, 1).unwrap().with_ordinal0(365),
    ///            Some(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2016, 12, 31).unwrap()));
    /// ```
    #[inline]
    fn with_ordinal0(&self, ordinal0: u32) -> Option<NaiveDate> {
        let ordinal = ordinal0.checked_add(1)?;
        self.with_ordinal(ordinal)
    }
}

/// Add `TimeDelta` to `NaiveDate`.
///
/// This discards the fractional days in `TimeDelta`, rounding to the closest integral number of
/// days towards `TimeDelta::zero()`.
///
/// # Panics
///
/// Panics if the resulting date would be out of range.
/// Consider using [`NaiveDate::checked_add_signed`] to get an `Option` instead.
///
/// # Example
///
/// ```
/// use chrono::{TimeDelta, NaiveDate};
///
/// let from_ymd = |y, m, d| NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(y, m, d).unwrap();
///
/// assert_eq!(from_ymd(2014, 1, 1) + TimeDelta::zero(),             from_ymd(2014, 1, 1));
/// assert_eq!(from_ymd(2014, 1, 1) + TimeDelta::seconds(86399),     from_ymd(2014, 1, 1));
/// assert_eq!(from_ymd(2014, 1, 1) + TimeDelta::seconds(-86399),    from_ymd(2014, 1, 1));
/// assert_eq!(from_ymd(2014, 1, 1) + TimeDelta::days(1),            from_ymd(2014, 1, 2));
/// assert_eq!(from_ymd(2014, 1, 1) + TimeDelta::days(-1),           from_ymd(2013, 12, 31));
/// assert_eq!(from_ymd(2014, 1, 1) + TimeDelta::days(364),          from_ymd(2014, 12, 31));
/// assert_eq!(from_ymd(2014, 1, 1) + TimeDelta::days(365*4 + 1),    from_ymd(2018, 1, 1));
/// assert_eq!(from_ymd(2014, 1, 1) + TimeDelta::days(365*400 + 97), from_ymd(2414, 1, 1));
/// ```
///
/// [`NaiveDate::checked_add_signed`]: crate::NaiveDate::checked_add_signed
impl Add<TimeDelta> for NaiveDate {
    type Output = NaiveDate;

    #[inline]
    fn add(self, rhs: TimeDelta) -> NaiveDate {
        self.checked_add_signed(rhs).expect("`NaiveDate + TimeDelta` overflowed")
    }
}

/// Add-assign of `TimeDelta` to `NaiveDate`.
///
/// This discards the fractional days in `TimeDelta`, rounding to the closest integral number of days
/// towards `TimeDelta::zero()`.
///
/// # Panics
///
/// Panics if the resulting date would be out of range.
/// Consider using [`NaiveDate::checked_add_signed`] to get an `Option` instead.
impl AddAssign<TimeDelta> for NaiveDate {
    #[inline]
    fn add_assign(&mut self, rhs: TimeDelta) {
        *self = self.add(rhs);
    }
}

/// Add `Months` to `NaiveDate`.
///
/// The result will be clamped to valid days in the resulting month, see `checked_add_months` for
/// details.
///
/// # Panics
///
/// Panics if the resulting date would be out of range.
/// Consider using `NaiveDate::checked_add_months` to get an `Option` instead.
///
/// # Example
///
/// ```
/// use chrono::{NaiveDate, Months};
///
/// let from_ymd = |y, m, d| NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(y, m, d).unwrap();
///
/// assert_eq!(from_ymd(2014, 1, 1) + Months::new(1), from_ymd(2014, 2, 1));
/// assert_eq!(from_ymd(2014, 1, 1) + Months::new(11), from_ymd(2014, 12, 1));
/// assert_eq!(from_ymd(2014, 1, 1) + Months::new(12), from_ymd(2015, 1, 1));
/// assert_eq!(from_ymd(2014, 1, 1) + Months::new(13), from_ymd(2015, 2, 1));
/// assert_eq!(from_ymd(2014, 1, 31) + Months::new(1), from_ymd(2014, 2, 28));
/// assert_eq!(from_ymd(2020, 1, 31) + Months::new(1), from_ymd(2020, 2, 29));
/// ```
impl Add<Months> for NaiveDate {
    type Output = NaiveDate;

    fn add(self, months: Months) -> Self::Output {
        self.checked_add_months(months).expect("`NaiveDate + Months` out of range")
    }
}

/// Subtract `Months` from `NaiveDate`.
///
/// The result will be clamped to valid days in the resulting month, see `checked_sub_months` for
/// details.
///
/// # Panics
///
/// Panics if the resulting date would be out of range.
/// Consider using `NaiveDate::checked_sub_months` to get an `Option` instead.
///
/// # Example
///
/// ```
/// use chrono::{NaiveDate, Months};
///
/// let from_ymd = |y, m, d| NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(y, m, d).unwrap();
///
/// assert_eq!(from_ymd(2014, 1, 1) - Months::new(11), from_ymd(2013, 2, 1));
/// assert_eq!(from_ymd(2014, 1, 1) - Months::new(12), from_ymd(2013, 1, 1));
/// assert_eq!(from_ymd(2014, 1, 1) - Months::new(13), from_ymd(2012, 12, 1));
/// ```
impl Sub<Months> for NaiveDate {
    type Output = NaiveDate;

    fn sub(self, months: Months) -> Self::Output {
        self.checked_sub_months(months).expect("`NaiveDate - Months` out of range")
    }
}

/// Add `Days` to `NaiveDate`.
///
/// # Panics
///
/// Panics if the resulting date would be out of range.
/// Consider using `NaiveDate::checked_add_days` to get an `Option` instead.
impl Add<Days> for NaiveDate {
    type Output = NaiveDate;

    fn add(self, days: Days) -> Self::Output {
        self.checked_add_days(days).expect("`NaiveDate + Days` out of range")
    }
}

/// Subtract `Days` from `NaiveDate`.
///
/// # Panics
///
/// Panics if the resulting date would be out of range.
/// Consider using `NaiveDate::checked_sub_days` to get an `Option` instead.
impl Sub<Days> for NaiveDate {
    type Output = NaiveDate;

    fn sub(self, days: Days) -> Self::Output {
        self.checked_sub_days(days).expect("`NaiveDate - Days` out of range")
    }
}

/// Subtract `TimeDelta` from `NaiveDate`.
///
/// This discards the fractional days in `TimeDelta`, rounding to the closest integral number of
/// days towards `TimeDelta::zero()`.
/// It is the same as the addition with a negated `TimeDelta`.
///
/// # Panics
///
/// Panics if the resulting date would be out of range.
/// Consider using [`NaiveDate::checked_sub_signed`] to get an `Option` instead.
///
/// # Example
///
/// ```
/// use chrono::{TimeDelta, NaiveDate};
///
/// let from_ymd = |y, m, d| NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(y, m, d).unwrap();
///
/// assert_eq!(from_ymd(2014, 1, 1) - TimeDelta::zero(),             from_ymd(2014, 1, 1));
/// assert_eq!(from_ymd(2014, 1, 1) - TimeDelta::seconds(86399),     from_ymd(2014, 1, 1));
/// assert_eq!(from_ymd(2014, 1, 1) - TimeDelta::seconds(-86399),    from_ymd(2014, 1, 1));
/// assert_eq!(from_ymd(2014, 1, 1) - TimeDelta::days(1),            from_ymd(2013, 12, 31));
/// assert_eq!(from_ymd(2014, 1, 1) - TimeDelta::days(-1),           from_ymd(2014, 1, 2));
/// assert_eq!(from_ymd(2014, 1, 1) - TimeDelta::days(364),          from_ymd(2013, 1, 2));
/// assert_eq!(from_ymd(2014, 1, 1) - TimeDelta::days(365*4 + 1),    from_ymd(2010, 1, 1));
/// assert_eq!(from_ymd(2014, 1, 1) - TimeDelta::days(365*400 + 97), from_ymd(1614, 1, 1));
/// ```
///
/// [`NaiveDate::checked_sub_signed`]: crate::NaiveDate::checked_sub_signed
impl Sub<TimeDelta> for NaiveDate {
    type Output = NaiveDate;

    #[inline]
    fn sub(self, rhs: TimeDelta) -> NaiveDate {
        self.checked_sub_signed(rhs).expect("`NaiveDate - TimeDelta` overflowed")
    }
}

/// Subtract-assign `TimeDelta` from `NaiveDate`.
///
/// This discards the fractional days in `TimeDelta`, rounding to the closest integral number of
/// days towards `TimeDelta::zero()`.
/// It is the same as the addition with a negated `TimeDelta`.
///
/// # Panics
///
/// Panics if the resulting date would be out of range.
/// Consider using [`NaiveDate::checked_sub_signed`] to get an `Option` instead.
impl SubAssign<TimeDelta> for NaiveDate {
    #[inline]
    fn sub_assign(&mut self, rhs: TimeDelta) {
        *self = self.sub(rhs);
    }
}

/// Subtracts another `NaiveDate` from the current date.
/// Returns a `TimeDelta` of integral numbers.
///
/// This does not overflow or underflow at all,
/// as all possible output fits in the range of `TimeDelta`.
///
/// The implementation is a wrapper around
/// [`NaiveDate::signed_duration_since`](#method.signed_duration_since).
///
/// # Example
///
/// ```
/// use chrono::{TimeDelta, NaiveDate};
///
/// let from_ymd = |y, m, d| NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(y, m, d).unwrap();
///
/// assert_eq!(from_ymd(2014, 1, 1) - from_ymd(2014, 1, 1), TimeDelta::zero());
/// assert_eq!(from_ymd(2014, 1, 1) - from_ymd(2013, 12, 31), TimeDelta::days(1));
/// assert_eq!(from_ymd(2014, 1, 1) - from_ymd(2014, 1, 2), TimeDelta::days(-1));
/// assert_eq!(from_ymd(2014, 1, 1) - from_ymd(2013, 9, 23), TimeDelta::days(100));
/// assert_eq!(from_ymd(2014, 1, 1) - from_ymd(2013, 1, 1), TimeDelta::days(365));
/// assert_eq!(from_ymd(2014, 1, 1) - from_ymd(2010, 1, 1), TimeDelta::days(365*4 + 1));
/// assert_eq!(from_ymd(2014, 1, 1) - from_ymd(1614, 1, 1), TimeDelta::days(365*400 + 97));
/// ```
impl Sub<NaiveDate> for NaiveDate {
    type Output = TimeDelta;

    #[inline]
    fn sub(self, rhs: NaiveDate) -> TimeDelta {
        self.signed_duration_since(rhs)
    }
}

impl From<NaiveDateTime> for NaiveDate {
    fn from(naive_datetime: NaiveDateTime) -> Self {
        naive_datetime.date()
    }
}

/// Iterator over `NaiveDate` with a step size of one day.
#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, Hash, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord)]
pub struct NaiveDateDaysIterator {
    value: NaiveDate,
}

impl Iterator for NaiveDateDaysIterator {
    type Item = NaiveDate;

    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
        // We return the current value, and have no way to return `NaiveDate::MAX`.
        let current = self.value;
        // This can't panic because current is < NaiveDate::MAX:
        self.value = current.succ_opt()?;
        Some(current)
    }

    fn size_hint(&self) -> (usize, Option<usize>) {
        let exact_size = NaiveDate::MAX.signed_duration_since(self.value).num_days();
        (exact_size as usize, Some(exact_size as usize))
    }
}

impl ExactSizeIterator for NaiveDateDaysIterator {}

impl DoubleEndedIterator for NaiveDateDaysIterator {
    fn next_back(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
        // We return the current value, and have no way to return `NaiveDate::MIN`.
        let current = self.value;
        self.value = current.pred_opt()?;
        Some(current)
    }
}

impl FusedIterator for NaiveDateDaysIterator {}

/// Iterator over `NaiveDate` with a step size of one week.
#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, Hash, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord)]
pub struct NaiveDateWeeksIterator {
    value: NaiveDate,
}

impl Iterator for NaiveDateWeeksIterator {
    type Item = NaiveDate;

    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
        let current = self.value;
        self.value = current.checked_add_signed(TimeDelta::weeks(1))?;
        Some(current)
    }

    fn size_hint(&self) -> (usize, Option<usize>) {
        let exact_size = NaiveDate::MAX.signed_duration_since(self.value).num_weeks();
        (exact_size as usize, Some(exact_size as usize))
    }
}

impl ExactSizeIterator for NaiveDateWeeksIterator {}

impl DoubleEndedIterator for NaiveDateWeeksIterator {
    fn next_back(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
        let current = self.value;
        self.value = current.checked_sub_signed(TimeDelta::weeks(1))?;
        Some(current)
    }
}

impl FusedIterator for NaiveDateWeeksIterator {}

/// The `Debug` output of the naive date `d` is the same as
/// [`d.format("%Y-%m-%d")`](crate::format::strftime).
///
/// The string printed can be readily parsed via the `parse` method on `str`.
///
/// # Example
///
/// ```
/// use chrono::NaiveDate;
///
/// assert_eq!(format!("{:?}", NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2015,  9,  5).unwrap()), "2015-09-05");
/// assert_eq!(format!("{:?}", NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(   0,  1,  1).unwrap()), "0000-01-01");
/// assert_eq!(format!("{:?}", NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(9999, 12, 31).unwrap()), "9999-12-31");
/// ```
///
/// ISO 8601 requires an explicit sign for years before 1 BCE or after 9999 CE.
///
/// ```
/// # use chrono::NaiveDate;
/// assert_eq!(format!("{:?}", NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(   -1,  1,  1).unwrap()),  "-0001-01-01");
/// assert_eq!(format!("{:?}", NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(10000, 12, 31).unwrap()), "+10000-12-31");
/// ```
impl fmt::Debug for NaiveDate {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
        use core::fmt::Write;

        let year = self.year();
        let mdf = self.mdf();
        if (0..=9999).contains(&year) {
            write_hundreds(f, (year / 100) as u8)?;
            write_hundreds(f, (year % 100) as u8)?;
        } else {
            // ISO 8601 requires the explicit sign for out-of-range years
            write!(f, "{:+05}", year)?;
        }

        f.write_char('-')?;
        write_hundreds(f, mdf.month() as u8)?;
        f.write_char('-')?;
        write_hundreds(f, mdf.day() as u8)
    }
}

/// The `Display` output of the naive date `d` is the same as
/// [`d.format("%Y-%m-%d")`](crate::format::strftime).
///
/// The string printed can be readily parsed via the `parse` method on `str`.
///
/// # Example
///
/// ```
/// use chrono::NaiveDate;
///
/// assert_eq!(format!("{}", NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2015,  9,  5).unwrap()), "2015-09-05");
/// assert_eq!(format!("{}", NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(   0,  1,  1).unwrap()), "0000-01-01");
/// assert_eq!(format!("{}", NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(9999, 12, 31).unwrap()), "9999-12-31");
/// ```
///
/// ISO 8601 requires an explicit sign for years before 1 BCE or after 9999 CE.
///
/// ```
/// # use chrono::NaiveDate;
/// assert_eq!(format!("{}", NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(   -1,  1,  1).unwrap()),  "-0001-01-01");
/// assert_eq!(format!("{}", NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(10000, 12, 31).unwrap()), "+10000-12-31");
/// ```
impl fmt::Display for NaiveDate {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
        fmt::Debug::fmt(self, f)
    }
}

/// Parsing a `str` into a `NaiveDate` uses the same format,
/// [`%Y-%m-%d`](crate::format::strftime), as in `Debug` and `Display`.
///
/// # Example
///
/// ```
/// use chrono::NaiveDate;
///
/// let d = NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2015, 9, 18).unwrap();
/// assert_eq!("2015-09-18".parse::<NaiveDate>(), Ok(d));
///
/// let d = NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(12345, 6, 7).unwrap();
/// assert_eq!("+12345-6-7".parse::<NaiveDate>(), Ok(d));
///
/// assert!("foo".parse::<NaiveDate>().is_err());
/// ```
impl str::FromStr for NaiveDate {
    type Err = ParseError;

    fn from_str(s: &str) -> ParseResult<NaiveDate> {
        const ITEMS: &[Item<'static>] = &[
            Item::Numeric(Numeric::Year, Pad::Zero),
            Item::Space(""),
            Item::Literal("-"),
            Item::Numeric(Numeric::Month, Pad::Zero),
            Item::Space(""),
            Item::Literal("-"),
            Item::Numeric(Numeric::Day, Pad::Zero),
            Item::Space(""),
        ];

        let mut parsed = Parsed::new();
        parse(&mut parsed, s, ITEMS.iter())?;
        parsed.to_naive_date()
    }
}

/// The default value for a NaiveDate is 1st of January 1970.
///
/// # Example
///
/// ```rust
/// use chrono::NaiveDate;
///
/// let default_date = NaiveDate::default();
/// assert_eq!(default_date, NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(1970, 1, 1).unwrap());
/// ```
impl Default for NaiveDate {
    fn default() -> Self {
        NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(1970, 1, 1).unwrap()
    }
}

const fn div_mod_floor(val: i32, div: i32) -> (i32, i32) {
    (val.div_euclid(div), val.rem_euclid(div))
}

#[cfg(all(test, any(feature = "rustc-serialize", feature = "serde")))]
fn test_encodable_json<F, E>(to_string: F)
where
    F: Fn(&NaiveDate) -> Result<String, E>,
    E: ::std::fmt::Debug,
{
    assert_eq!(
        to_string(&NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2014, 7, 24).unwrap()).ok(),
        Some(r#""2014-07-24""#.into())
    );
    assert_eq!(
        to_string(&NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(0, 1, 1).unwrap()).ok(),
        Some(r#""0000-01-01""#.into())
    );
    assert_eq!(
        to_string(&NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(-1, 12, 31).unwrap()).ok(),
        Some(r#""-0001-12-31""#.into())
    );
    assert_eq!(to_string(&NaiveDate::MIN).ok(), Some(r#""-262143-01-01""#.into()));
    assert_eq!(to_string(&NaiveDate::MAX).ok(), Some(r#""+262142-12-31""#.into()));
}

#[cfg(all(test, any(feature = "rustc-serialize", feature = "serde")))]
fn test_decodable_json<F, E>(from_str: F)
where
    F: Fn(&str) -> Result<NaiveDate, E>,
    E: ::std::fmt::Debug,
{
    use std::{i32, i64};

    assert_eq!(
        from_str(r#""2016-07-08""#).ok(),
        Some(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2016, 7, 8).unwrap())
    );
    assert_eq!(from_str(r#""2016-7-8""#).ok(), Some(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2016, 7, 8).unwrap()));
    assert_eq!(from_str(r#""+002016-07-08""#).ok(), NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2016, 7, 8));
    assert_eq!(from_str(r#""0000-01-01""#).ok(), Some(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(0, 1, 1).unwrap()));
    assert_eq!(from_str(r#""0-1-1""#).ok(), Some(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(0, 1, 1).unwrap()));
    assert_eq!(
        from_str(r#""-0001-12-31""#).ok(),
        Some(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(-1, 12, 31).unwrap())
    );
    assert_eq!(from_str(r#""-262143-01-01""#).ok(), Some(NaiveDate::MIN));
    assert_eq!(from_str(r#""+262142-12-31""#).ok(), Some(NaiveDate::MAX));

    // bad formats
    assert!(from_str(r#""""#).is_err());
    assert!(from_str(r#""20001231""#).is_err());
    assert!(from_str(r#""2000-00-00""#).is_err());
    assert!(from_str(r#""2000-02-30""#).is_err());
    assert!(from_str(r#""2001-02-29""#).is_err());
    assert!(from_str(r#""2002-002-28""#).is_err());
    assert!(from_str(r#""yyyy-mm-dd""#).is_err());
    assert!(from_str(r#"0"#).is_err());
    assert!(from_str(r#"20.01"#).is_err());
    assert!(from_str(&i32::MIN.to_string()).is_err());
    assert!(from_str(&i32::MAX.to_string()).is_err());
    assert!(from_str(&i64::MIN.to_string()).is_err());
    assert!(from_str(&i64::MAX.to_string()).is_err());
    assert!(from_str(r#"{}"#).is_err());
    // pre-0.3.0 rustc-serialize format is now invalid
    assert!(from_str(r#"{"ymdf":20}"#).is_err());
    assert!(from_str(r#"null"#).is_err());
}

#[cfg(feature = "rustc-serialize")]
mod rustc_serialize {
    use super::NaiveDate;
    use rustc_serialize::{Decodable, Decoder, Encodable, Encoder};

    impl Encodable for NaiveDate {
        fn encode<S: Encoder>(&self, s: &mut S) -> Result<(), S::Error> {
            format!("{:?}", self).encode(s)
        }
    }

    impl Decodable for NaiveDate {
        fn decode<D: Decoder>(d: &mut D) -> Result<NaiveDate, D::Error> {
            d.read_str()?.parse().map_err(|_| d.error("invalid date"))
        }
    }

    #[cfg(test)]
    mod tests {
        use crate::naive::date::{test_decodable_json, test_encodable_json};
        use rustc_serialize::json;

        #[test]
        fn test_encodable() {
            test_encodable_json(json::encode);
        }

        #[test]
        fn test_decodable() {
            test_decodable_json(json::decode);
        }
    }
}

#[cfg(feature = "serde")]
mod serde {
    use super::NaiveDate;
    use core::fmt;
    use serde::{de, ser};

    // TODO not very optimized for space (binary formats would want something better)

    impl ser::Serialize for NaiveDate {
        fn serialize<S>(&self, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error>
        where
            S: ser::Serializer,
        {
            struct FormatWrapped<'a, D: 'a> {
                inner: &'a D,
            }

            impl<'a, D: fmt::Debug> fmt::Display for FormatWrapped<'a, D> {
                fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
                    self.inner.fmt(f)
                }
            }

            serializer.collect_str(&FormatWrapped { inner: &self })
        }
    }

    struct NaiveDateVisitor;

    impl<'de> de::Visitor<'de> for NaiveDateVisitor {
        type Value = NaiveDate;

        fn expecting(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
            formatter.write_str("a formatted date string")
        }

        fn visit_str<E>(self, value: &str) -> Result<Self::Value, E>
        where
            E: de::Error,
        {
            value.parse().map_err(E::custom)
        }
    }

    impl<'de> de::Deserialize<'de> for NaiveDate {
        fn deserialize<D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<Self, D::Error>
        where
            D: de::Deserializer<'de>,
        {
            deserializer.deserialize_str(NaiveDateVisitor)
        }
    }

    #[cfg(test)]
    mod tests {
        use crate::naive::date::{test_decodable_json, test_encodable_json};
        use crate::NaiveDate;

        #[test]
        fn test_serde_serialize() {
            test_encodable_json(serde_json::to_string);
        }

        #[test]
        fn test_serde_deserialize() {
            test_decodable_json(|input| serde_json::from_str(input));
        }

        #[test]
        fn test_serde_bincode() {
            // Bincode is relevant to test separately from JSON because
            // it is not self-describing.
            use bincode::{deserialize, serialize};

            let d = NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2014, 7, 24).unwrap();
            let encoded = serialize(&d).unwrap();
            let decoded: NaiveDate = deserialize(&encoded).unwrap();
            assert_eq!(d, decoded);
        }
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::{Days, Months, NaiveDate, MAX_YEAR, MIN_YEAR};
    use crate::naive::internals::YearFlags;
    use crate::{Datelike, TimeDelta, Weekday};

    // as it is hard to verify year flags in `NaiveDate::MIN` and `NaiveDate::MAX`,
    // we use a separate run-time test.
    #[test]
    fn test_date_bounds() {
        let calculated_min = NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(MIN_YEAR, 1, 1).unwrap();
        let calculated_max = NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(MAX_YEAR, 12, 31).unwrap();
        assert!(
            NaiveDate::MIN == calculated_min,
            "`NaiveDate::MIN` should have year flag {:?}",
            calculated_min.of().flags()
        );
        assert!(
            NaiveDate::MAX == calculated_max,
            "`NaiveDate::MAX` should have year flag {:?} and ordinal {}",
            calculated_max.of().flags(),
            calculated_max.of().ordinal()
        );

        // let's also check that the entire range do not exceed 2^44 seconds
        // (sometimes used for bounding `TimeDelta` against overflow)
        let maxsecs = NaiveDate::MAX.signed_duration_since(NaiveDate::MIN).num_seconds();
        let maxsecs = maxsecs + 86401; // also take care of DateTime
        assert!(
            maxsecs < (1 << MAX_BITS),
            "The entire `NaiveDate` range somehow exceeds 2^{} seconds",
            MAX_BITS
        );

        const BEFORE_MIN: NaiveDate = NaiveDate::BEFORE_MIN;
        assert_eq!(BEFORE_MIN.of().flags(), YearFlags::from_year(BEFORE_MIN.year()));
        assert_eq!((BEFORE_MIN.month(), BEFORE_MIN.day()), (12, 31));

        const AFTER_MAX: NaiveDate = NaiveDate::AFTER_MAX;
        assert_eq!(AFTER_MAX.of().flags(), YearFlags::from_year(AFTER_MAX.year()));
        assert_eq!((AFTER_MAX.month(), AFTER_MAX.day()), (1, 1));
    }

    #[test]
    fn diff_months() {
        // identity
        assert_eq!(
            NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2022, 8, 3).unwrap().checked_add_months(Months::new(0)),
            Some(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2022, 8, 3).unwrap())
        );

        // add with months exceeding `i32::MAX`
        assert_eq!(
            NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2022, 8, 3)
                .unwrap()
                .checked_add_months(Months::new(i32::MAX as u32 + 1)),
            None
        );

        // sub with months exceeding `i32::MIN`
        assert_eq!(
            NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2022, 8, 3)
                .unwrap()
                .checked_sub_months(Months::new(i32::MIN.unsigned_abs() + 1)),
            None
        );

        // add overflowing year
        assert_eq!(NaiveDate::MAX.checked_add_months(Months::new(1)), None);

        // add underflowing year
        assert_eq!(NaiveDate::MIN.checked_sub_months(Months::new(1)), None);

        // sub crossing year 0 boundary
        assert_eq!(
            NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2022, 8, 3).unwrap().checked_sub_months(Months::new(2050 * 12)),
            Some(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(-28, 8, 3).unwrap())
        );

        // add crossing year boundary
        assert_eq!(
            NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2022, 8, 3).unwrap().checked_add_months(Months::new(6)),
            Some(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2023, 2, 3).unwrap())
        );

        // sub crossing year boundary
        assert_eq!(
            NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2022, 8, 3).unwrap().checked_sub_months(Months::new(10)),
            Some(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2021, 10, 3).unwrap())
        );

        // add clamping day, non-leap year
        assert_eq!(
            NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2022, 1, 29).unwrap().checked_add_months(Months::new(1)),
            Some(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2022, 2, 28).unwrap())
        );

        // add to leap day
        assert_eq!(
            NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2022, 10, 29).unwrap().checked_add_months(Months::new(16)),
            Some(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2024, 2, 29).unwrap())
        );

        // add into december
        assert_eq!(
            NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2022, 10, 31).unwrap().checked_add_months(Months::new(2)),
            Some(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2022, 12, 31).unwrap())
        );

        // sub into december
        assert_eq!(
            NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2022, 10, 31).unwrap().checked_sub_months(Months::new(10)),
            Some(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2021, 12, 31).unwrap())
        );

        // add into january
        assert_eq!(
            NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2022, 8, 3).unwrap().checked_add_months(Months::new(5)),
            Some(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2023, 1, 3).unwrap())
        );

        // sub into january
        assert_eq!(
            NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2022, 8, 3).unwrap().checked_sub_months(Months::new(7)),
            Some(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2022, 1, 3).unwrap())
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_readme_doomsday() {
        for y in NaiveDate::MIN.year()..=NaiveDate::MAX.year() {
            // even months
            let d4 = NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(y, 4, 4).unwrap();
            let d6 = NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(y, 6, 6).unwrap();
            let d8 = NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(y, 8, 8).unwrap();
            let d10 = NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(y, 10, 10).unwrap();
            let d12 = NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(y, 12, 12).unwrap();

            // nine to five, seven-eleven
            let d59 = NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(y, 5, 9).unwrap();
            let d95 = NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(y, 9, 5).unwrap();
            let d711 = NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(y, 7, 11).unwrap();
            let d117 = NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(y, 11, 7).unwrap();

            // "March 0"
            let d30 = NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(y, 3, 1).unwrap().pred_opt().unwrap();

            let weekday = d30.weekday();
            let other_dates = [d4, d6, d8, d10, d12, d59, d95, d711, d117];
            assert!(other_dates.iter().all(|d| d.weekday() == weekday));
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_date_from_ymd() {
        let ymd_opt = NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt;

        assert!(ymd_opt(2012, 0, 1).is_none());
        assert!(ymd_opt(2012, 1, 1).is_some());
        assert!(ymd_opt(2012, 2, 29).is_some());
        assert!(ymd_opt(2014, 2, 29).is_none());
        assert!(ymd_opt(2014, 3, 0).is_none());
        assert!(ymd_opt(2014, 3, 1).is_some());
        assert!(ymd_opt(2014, 3, 31).is_some());
        assert!(ymd_opt(2014, 3, 32).is_none());
        assert!(ymd_opt(2014, 12, 31).is_some());
        assert!(ymd_opt(2014, 13, 1).is_none());
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_date_from_yo() {
        let yo_opt = NaiveDate::from_yo_opt;
        let ymd = |y, m, d| NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(y, m, d).unwrap();

        assert_eq!(yo_opt(2012, 0), None);
        assert_eq!(yo_opt(2012, 1), Some(ymd(2012, 1, 1)));
        assert_eq!(yo_opt(2012, 2), Some(ymd(2012, 1, 2)));
        assert_eq!(yo_opt(2012, 32), Some(ymd(2012, 2, 1)));
        assert_eq!(yo_opt(2012, 60), Some(ymd(2012, 2, 29)));
        assert_eq!(yo_opt(2012, 61), Some(ymd(2012, 3, 1)));
        assert_eq!(yo_opt(2012, 100), Some(ymd(2012, 4, 9)));
        assert_eq!(yo_opt(2012, 200), Some(ymd(2012, 7, 18)));
        assert_eq!(yo_opt(2012, 300), Some(ymd(2012, 10, 26)));
        assert_eq!(yo_opt(2012, 366), Some(ymd(2012, 12, 31)));
        assert_eq!(yo_opt(2012, 367), None);

        assert_eq!(yo_opt(2014, 0), None);
        assert_eq!(yo_opt(2014, 1), Some(ymd(2014, 1, 1)));
        assert_eq!(yo_opt(2014, 2), Some(ymd(2014, 1, 2)));
        assert_eq!(yo_opt(2014, 32), Some(ymd(2014, 2, 1)));
        assert_eq!(yo_opt(2014, 59), Some(ymd(2014, 2, 28)));
        assert_eq!(yo_opt(2014, 60), Some(ymd(2014, 3, 1)));
        assert_eq!(yo_opt(2014, 100), Some(ymd(2014, 4, 10)));
        assert_eq!(yo_opt(2014, 200), Some(ymd(2014, 7, 19)));
        assert_eq!(yo_opt(2014, 300), Some(ymd(2014, 10, 27)));
        assert_eq!(yo_opt(2014, 365), Some(ymd(2014, 12, 31)));
        assert_eq!(yo_opt(2014, 366), None);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_date_from_isoywd() {
        let isoywd_opt = NaiveDate::from_isoywd_opt;
        let ymd = |y, m, d| NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(y, m, d).unwrap();

        assert_eq!(isoywd_opt(2004, 0, Weekday::Sun), None);
        assert_eq!(isoywd_opt(2004, 1, Weekday::Mon), Some(ymd(2003, 12, 29)));
        assert_eq!(isoywd_opt(2004, 1, Weekday::Sun), Some(ymd(2004, 1, 4)));
        assert_eq!(isoywd_opt(2004, 2, Weekday::Mon), Some(ymd(2004, 1, 5)));
        assert_eq!(isoywd_opt(2004, 2, Weekday::Sun), Some(ymd(2004, 1, 11)));
        assert_eq!(isoywd_opt(2004, 52, Weekday::Mon), Some(ymd(2004, 12, 20)));
        assert_eq!(isoywd_opt(2004, 52, Weekday::Sun), Some(ymd(2004, 12, 26)));
        assert_eq!(isoywd_opt(2004, 53, Weekday::Mon), Some(ymd(2004, 12, 27)));
        assert_eq!(isoywd_opt(2004, 53, Weekday::Sun), Some(ymd(2005, 1, 2)));
        assert_eq!(isoywd_opt(2004, 54, Weekday::Mon), None);

        assert_eq!(isoywd_opt(2011, 0, Weekday::Sun), None);
        assert_eq!(isoywd_opt(2011, 1, Weekday::Mon), Some(ymd(2011, 1, 3)));
        assert_eq!(isoywd_opt(2011, 1, Weekday::Sun), Some(ymd(2011, 1, 9)));
        assert_eq!(isoywd_opt(2011, 2, Weekday::Mon), Some(ymd(2011, 1, 10)));
        assert_eq!(isoywd_opt(2011, 2, Weekday::Sun), Some(ymd(2011, 1, 16)));

        assert_eq!(isoywd_opt(2018, 51, Weekday::Mon), Some(ymd(2018, 12, 17)));
        assert_eq!(isoywd_opt(2018, 51, Weekday::Sun), Some(ymd(2018, 12, 23)));
        assert_eq!(isoywd_opt(2018, 52, Weekday::Mon), Some(ymd(2018, 12, 24)));
        assert_eq!(isoywd_opt(2018, 52, Weekday::Sun), Some(ymd(2018, 12, 30)));
        assert_eq!(isoywd_opt(2018, 53, Weekday::Mon), None);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_date_from_isoywd_and_iso_week() {
        for year in 2000..2401 {
            for week in 1..54 {
                for &weekday in [
                    Weekday::Mon,
                    Weekday::Tue,
                    Weekday::Wed,
                    Weekday::Thu,
                    Weekday::Fri,
                    Weekday::Sat,
                    Weekday::Sun,
                ]
                .iter()
                {
                    let d = NaiveDate::from_isoywd_opt(year, week, weekday);
                    if let Some(d) = d {
                        assert_eq!(d.weekday(), weekday);
                        let w = d.iso_week();
                        assert_eq!(w.year(), year);
                        assert_eq!(w.week(), week);
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        for year in 2000..2401 {
            for month in 1..13 {
                for day in 1..32 {
                    let d = NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(year, month, day);
                    if let Some(d) = d {
                        let w = d.iso_week();
                        let d_ = NaiveDate::from_isoywd_opt(w.year(), w.week(), d.weekday());
                        assert_eq!(d, d_.unwrap());
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_date_from_num_days_from_ce() {
        let from_ndays_from_ce = NaiveDate::from_num_days_from_ce_opt;
        assert_eq!(from_ndays_from_ce(1), Some(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(1, 1, 1).unwrap()));
        assert_eq!(from_ndays_from_ce(2), Some(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(1, 1, 2).unwrap()));
        assert_eq!(from_ndays_from_ce(31), Some(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(1, 1, 31).unwrap()));
        assert_eq!(from_ndays_from_ce(32), Some(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(1, 2, 1).unwrap()));
        assert_eq!(from_ndays_from_ce(59), Some(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(1, 2, 28).unwrap()));
        assert_eq!(from_ndays_from_ce(60), Some(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(1, 3, 1).unwrap()));
        assert_eq!(from_ndays_from_ce(365), Some(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(1, 12, 31).unwrap()));
        assert_eq!(from_ndays_from_ce(365 + 1), Some(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2, 1, 1).unwrap()));
        assert_eq!(
            from_ndays_from_ce(365 * 2 + 1),
            Some(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(3, 1, 1).unwrap())
        );
        assert_eq!(
            from_ndays_from_ce(365 * 3 + 1),
            Some(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(4, 1, 1).unwrap())
        );
        assert_eq!(
            from_ndays_from_ce(365 * 4 + 2),
            Some(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(5, 1, 1).unwrap())
        );
        assert_eq!(
            from_ndays_from_ce(146097 + 1),
            Some(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(401, 1, 1).unwrap())
        );
        assert_eq!(
            from_ndays_from_ce(146097 * 5 + 1),
            Some(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2001, 1, 1).unwrap())
        );
        assert_eq!(from_ndays_from_ce(719163), Some(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(1970, 1, 1).unwrap()));
        assert_eq!(from_ndays_from_ce(0), Some(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(0, 12, 31).unwrap())); // 1 BCE
        assert_eq!(from_ndays_from_ce(-365), Some(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(0, 1, 1).unwrap()));
        assert_eq!(from_ndays_from_ce(-366), Some(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(-1, 12, 31).unwrap())); // 2 BCE

        for days in (-9999..10001).map(|x| x * 100) {
            assert_eq!(from_ndays_from_ce(days).map(|d| d.num_days_from_ce()), Some(days));
        }

        assert_eq!(from_ndays_from_ce(NaiveDate::MIN.num_days_from_ce()), Some(NaiveDate::MIN));
        assert_eq!(from_ndays_from_ce(NaiveDate::MIN.num_days_from_ce() - 1), None);
        assert_eq!(from_ndays_from_ce(NaiveDate::MAX.num_days_from_ce()), Some(NaiveDate::MAX));
        assert_eq!(from_ndays_from_ce(NaiveDate::MAX.num_days_from_ce() + 1), None);

        assert_eq!(from_ndays_from_ce(i32::MIN), None);
        assert_eq!(from_ndays_from_ce(i32::MAX), None);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_date_from_weekday_of_month_opt() {
        let ymwd = NaiveDate::from_weekday_of_month_opt;
        assert_eq!(ymwd(2018, 8, Weekday::Tue, 0), None);
        assert_eq!(
            ymwd(2018, 8, Weekday::Wed, 1),
            Some(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2018, 8, 1).unwrap())
        );
        assert_eq!(
            ymwd(2018, 8, Weekday::Thu, 1),
            Some(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2018, 8, 2).unwrap())
        );
        assert_eq!(
            ymwd(2018, 8, Weekday::Sun, 1),
            Some(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2018, 8, 5).unwrap())
        );
        assert_eq!(
            ymwd(2018, 8, Weekday::Mon, 1),
            Some(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2018, 8, 6).unwrap())
        );
        assert_eq!(
            ymwd(2018, 8, Weekday::Tue, 1),
            Some(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2018, 8, 7).unwrap())
        );
        assert_eq!(
            ymwd(2018, 8, Weekday::Wed, 2),
            Some(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2018, 8, 8).unwrap())
        );
        assert_eq!(
            ymwd(2018, 8, Weekday::Sun, 2),
            Some(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2018, 8, 12).unwrap())
        );
        assert_eq!(
            ymwd(2018, 8, Weekday::Thu, 3),
            Some(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2018, 8, 16).unwrap())
        );
        assert_eq!(
            ymwd(2018, 8, Weekday::Thu, 4),
            Some(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2018, 8, 23).unwrap())
        );
        assert_eq!(
            ymwd(2018, 8, Weekday::Thu, 5),
            Some(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2018, 8, 30).unwrap())
        );
        assert_eq!(
            ymwd(2018, 8, Weekday::Fri, 5),
            Some(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2018, 8, 31).unwrap())
        );
        assert_eq!(ymwd(2018, 8, Weekday::Sat, 5), None);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_date_fields() {
        fn check(year: i32, month: u32, day: u32, ordinal: u32) {
            let d1 = NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(year, month, day).unwrap();
            assert_eq!(d1.year(), year);
            assert_eq!(d1.month(), month);
            assert_eq!(d1.day(), day);
            assert_eq!(d1.ordinal(), ordinal);

            let d2 = NaiveDate::from_yo_opt(year, ordinal).unwrap();
            assert_eq!(d2.year(), year);
            assert_eq!(d2.month(), month);
            assert_eq!(d2.day(), day);
            assert_eq!(d2.ordinal(), ordinal);

            assert_eq!(d1, d2);
        }

        check(2012, 1, 1, 1);
        check(2012, 1, 2, 2);
        check(2012, 2, 1, 32);
        check(2012, 2, 29, 60);
        check(2012, 3, 1, 61);
        check(2012, 4, 9, 100);
        check(2012, 7, 18, 200);
        check(2012, 10, 26, 300);
        check(2012, 12, 31, 366);

        check(2014, 1, 1, 1);
        check(2014, 1, 2, 2);
        check(2014, 2, 1, 32);
        check(2014, 2, 28, 59);
        check(2014, 3, 1, 60);
        check(2014, 4, 10, 100);
        check(2014, 7, 19, 200);
        check(2014, 10, 27, 300);
        check(2014, 12, 31, 365);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_date_weekday() {
        assert_eq!(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(1582, 10, 15).unwrap().weekday(), Weekday::Fri);
        // May 20, 1875 = ISO 8601 reference date
        assert_eq!(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(1875, 5, 20).unwrap().weekday(), Weekday::Thu);
        assert_eq!(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2000, 1, 1).unwrap().weekday(), Weekday::Sat);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_date_with_fields() {
        let d = NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2000, 2, 29).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(d.with_year(-400), Some(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(-400, 2, 29).unwrap()));
        assert_eq!(d.with_year(-100), None);
        assert_eq!(d.with_year(1600), Some(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(1600, 2, 29).unwrap()));
        assert_eq!(d.with_year(1900), None);
        assert_eq!(d.with_year(2000), Some(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2000, 2, 29).unwrap()));
        assert_eq!(d.with_year(2001), None);
        assert_eq!(d.with_year(2004), Some(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2004, 2, 29).unwrap()));
        assert_eq!(d.with_year(i32::MAX), None);

        let d = NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2000, 4, 30).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(d.with_month(0), None);
        assert_eq!(d.with_month(1), Some(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2000, 1, 30).unwrap()));
        assert_eq!(d.with_month(2), None);
        assert_eq!(d.with_month(3), Some(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2000, 3, 30).unwrap()));
        assert_eq!(d.with_month(4), Some(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2000, 4, 30).unwrap()));
        assert_eq!(d.with_month(12), Some(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2000, 12, 30).unwrap()));
        assert_eq!(d.with_month(13), None);
        assert_eq!(d.with_month(u32::MAX), None);

        let d = NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2000, 2, 8).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(d.with_day(0), None);
        assert_eq!(d.with_day(1), Some(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2000, 2, 1).unwrap()));
        assert_eq!(d.with_day(29), Some(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2000, 2, 29).unwrap()));
        assert_eq!(d.with_day(30), None);
        assert_eq!(d.with_day(u32::MAX), None);

        let d = NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2000, 5, 5).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(d.with_ordinal(0), None);
        assert_eq!(d.with_ordinal(1), Some(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2000, 1, 1).unwrap()));
        assert_eq!(d.with_ordinal(60), Some(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2000, 2, 29).unwrap()));
        assert_eq!(d.with_ordinal(61), Some(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2000, 3, 1).unwrap()));
        assert_eq!(d.with_ordinal(366), Some(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2000, 12, 31).unwrap()));
        assert_eq!(d.with_ordinal(367), None);
        assert_eq!(d.with_ordinal(u32::MAX), None);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_date_num_days_from_ce() {
        assert_eq!(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(1, 1, 1).unwrap().num_days_from_ce(), 1);

        for year in -9999..10001 {
            assert_eq!(
                NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(year, 1, 1).unwrap().num_days_from_ce(),
                NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(year - 1, 12, 31).unwrap().num_days_from_ce() + 1
            );
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_date_succ() {
        let ymd = |y, m, d| NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(y, m, d).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(ymd(2014, 5, 6).succ_opt(), Some(ymd(2014, 5, 7)));
        assert_eq!(ymd(2014, 5, 31).succ_opt(), Some(ymd(2014, 6, 1)));
        assert_eq!(ymd(2014, 12, 31).succ_opt(), Some(ymd(2015, 1, 1)));
        assert_eq!(ymd(2016, 2, 28).succ_opt(), Some(ymd(2016, 2, 29)));
        assert_eq!(ymd(NaiveDate::MAX.year(), 12, 31).succ_opt(), None);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_date_pred() {
        let ymd = |y, m, d| NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(y, m, d).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(ymd(2016, 3, 1).pred_opt(), Some(ymd(2016, 2, 29)));
        assert_eq!(ymd(2015, 1, 1).pred_opt(), Some(ymd(2014, 12, 31)));
        assert_eq!(ymd(2014, 6, 1).pred_opt(), Some(ymd(2014, 5, 31)));
        assert_eq!(ymd(2014, 5, 7).pred_opt(), Some(ymd(2014, 5, 6)));
        assert_eq!(ymd(NaiveDate::MIN.year(), 1, 1).pred_opt(), None);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_date_add() {
        fn check((y1, m1, d1): (i32, u32, u32), rhs: TimeDelta, ymd: Option<(i32, u32, u32)>) {
            let lhs = NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(y1, m1, d1).unwrap();
            let sum = ymd.map(|(y, m, d)| NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(y, m, d).unwrap());
            assert_eq!(lhs.checked_add_signed(rhs), sum);
            assert_eq!(lhs.checked_sub_signed(-rhs), sum);
        }

        check((2014, 1, 1), TimeDelta::zero(), Some((2014, 1, 1)));
        check((2014, 1, 1), TimeDelta::seconds(86399), Some((2014, 1, 1)));
        // always round towards zero
        check((2014, 1, 1), TimeDelta::seconds(-86399), Some((2014, 1, 1)));
        check((2014, 1, 1), TimeDelta::days(1), Some((2014, 1, 2)));
        check((2014, 1, 1), TimeDelta::days(-1), Some((2013, 12, 31)));
        check((2014, 1, 1), TimeDelta::days(364), Some((2014, 12, 31)));
        check((2014, 1, 1), TimeDelta::days(365 * 4 + 1), Some((2018, 1, 1)));
        check((2014, 1, 1), TimeDelta::days(365 * 400 + 97), Some((2414, 1, 1)));

        check((-7, 1, 1), TimeDelta::days(365 * 12 + 3), Some((5, 1, 1)));

        // overflow check
        check((0, 1, 1), TimeDelta::days(MAX_DAYS_FROM_YEAR_0 as i64), Some((MAX_YEAR, 12, 31)));
        check((0, 1, 1), TimeDelta::days(MAX_DAYS_FROM_YEAR_0 as i64 + 1), None);
        check((0, 1, 1), TimeDelta::max_value(), None);
        check((0, 1, 1), TimeDelta::days(MIN_DAYS_FROM_YEAR_0 as i64), Some((MIN_YEAR, 1, 1)));
        check((0, 1, 1), TimeDelta::days(MIN_DAYS_FROM_YEAR_0 as i64 - 1), None);
        check((0, 1, 1), TimeDelta::min_value(), None);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_date_sub() {
        fn check((y1, m1, d1): (i32, u32, u32), (y2, m2, d2): (i32, u32, u32), diff: TimeDelta) {
            let lhs = NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(y1, m1, d1).unwrap();
            let rhs = NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(y2, m2, d2).unwrap();
            assert_eq!(lhs.signed_duration_since(rhs), diff);
            assert_eq!(rhs.signed_duration_since(lhs), -diff);
        }

        check((2014, 1, 1), (2014, 1, 1), TimeDelta::zero());
        check((2014, 1, 2), (2014, 1, 1), TimeDelta::days(1));
        check((2014, 12, 31), (2014, 1, 1), TimeDelta::days(364));
        check((2015, 1, 3), (2014, 1, 1), TimeDelta::days(365 + 2));
        check((2018, 1, 1), (2014, 1, 1), TimeDelta::days(365 * 4 + 1));
        check((2414, 1, 1), (2014, 1, 1), TimeDelta::days(365 * 400 + 97));

        check((MAX_YEAR, 12, 31), (0, 1, 1), TimeDelta::days(MAX_DAYS_FROM_YEAR_0 as i64));
        check((MIN_YEAR, 1, 1), (0, 1, 1), TimeDelta::days(MIN_DAYS_FROM_YEAR_0 as i64));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_date_add_days() {
        fn check((y1, m1, d1): (i32, u32, u32), rhs: Days, ymd: Option<(i32, u32, u32)>) {
            let lhs = NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(y1, m1, d1).unwrap();
            let sum = ymd.map(|(y, m, d)| NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(y, m, d).unwrap());
            assert_eq!(lhs.checked_add_days(rhs), sum);
        }

        check((2014, 1, 1), Days::new(0), Some((2014, 1, 1)));
        // always round towards zero
        check((2014, 1, 1), Days::new(1), Some((2014, 1, 2)));
        check((2014, 1, 1), Days::new(364), Some((2014, 12, 31)));
        check((2014, 1, 1), Days::new(365 * 4 + 1), Some((2018, 1, 1)));
        check((2014, 1, 1), Days::new(365 * 400 + 97), Some((2414, 1, 1)));

        check((-7, 1, 1), Days::new(365 * 12 + 3), Some((5, 1, 1)));

        // overflow check
        check(
            (0, 1, 1),
            Days::new(MAX_DAYS_FROM_YEAR_0.try_into().unwrap()),
            Some((MAX_YEAR, 12, 31)),
        );
        check((0, 1, 1), Days::new(u64::try_from(MAX_DAYS_FROM_YEAR_0).unwrap() + 1), None);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_date_sub_days() {
        fn check((y1, m1, d1): (i32, u32, u32), (y2, m2, d2): (i32, u32, u32), diff: Days) {
            let lhs = NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(y1, m1, d1).unwrap();
            let rhs = NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(y2, m2, d2).unwrap();
            assert_eq!(lhs - diff, rhs);
        }

        check((2014, 1, 1), (2014, 1, 1), Days::new(0));
        check((2014, 1, 2), (2014, 1, 1), Days::new(1));
        check((2014, 12, 31), (2014, 1, 1), Days::new(364));
        check((2015, 1, 3), (2014, 1, 1), Days::new(365 + 2));
        check((2018, 1, 1), (2014, 1, 1), Days::new(365 * 4 + 1));
        check((2414, 1, 1), (2014, 1, 1), Days::new(365 * 400 + 97));

        check((MAX_YEAR, 12, 31), (0, 1, 1), Days::new(MAX_DAYS_FROM_YEAR_0.try_into().unwrap()));
        check((0, 1, 1), (MIN_YEAR, 1, 1), Days::new((-MIN_DAYS_FROM_YEAR_0).try_into().unwrap()));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_date_addassignment() {
        let ymd = |y, m, d| NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(y, m, d).unwrap();
        let mut date = ymd(2016, 10, 1);
        date += TimeDelta::days(10);
        assert_eq!(date, ymd(2016, 10, 11));
        date += TimeDelta::days(30);
        assert_eq!(date, ymd(2016, 11, 10));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_date_subassignment() {
        let ymd = |y, m, d| NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(y, m, d).unwrap();
        let mut date = ymd(2016, 10, 11);
        date -= TimeDelta::days(10);
        assert_eq!(date, ymd(2016, 10, 1));
        date -= TimeDelta::days(2);
        assert_eq!(date, ymd(2016, 9, 29));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_date_fmt() {
        assert_eq!(format!("{:?}", NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2012, 3, 4).unwrap()), "2012-03-04");
        assert_eq!(format!("{:?}", NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(0, 3, 4).unwrap()), "0000-03-04");
        assert_eq!(format!("{:?}", NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(-307, 3, 4).unwrap()), "-0307-03-04");
        assert_eq!(format!("{:?}", NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(12345, 3, 4).unwrap()), "+12345-03-04");

        assert_eq!(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2012, 3, 4).unwrap().to_string(), "2012-03-04");
        assert_eq!(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(0, 3, 4).unwrap().to_string(), "0000-03-04");
        assert_eq!(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(-307, 3, 4).unwrap().to_string(), "-0307-03-04");
        assert_eq!(NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(12345, 3, 4).unwrap().to_string(), "+12345-03-04");

        // the format specifier should have no effect on `NaiveTime`
        assert_eq!(format!("{:+30?}", NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(1234, 5, 6).unwrap()), "1234-05-06");
        assert_eq!(
            format!("{:30?}", NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(12345, 6, 7).unwrap()),
            "+12345-06-07"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_date_from_str() {
        // valid cases
        let valid = [
            "-0000000123456-1-2",
            "    -123456 - 1 - 2    ",
            "-12345-1-2",
            "-1234-12-31",
            "-7-6-5",
            "350-2-28",
            "360-02-29",
            "0360-02-29",
            "2015-2 -18",
            "2015-02-18",
            "+70-2-18",
            "+70000-2-18",
            "+00007-2-18",
        ];
        for &s in &valid {
            eprintln!("test_date_from_str valid {:?}", s);
            let d = match s.parse::<NaiveDate>() {
                Ok(d) => d,
                Err(e) => panic!("parsing `{}` has failed: {}", s, e),
            };
            eprintln!("d {:?} (NaiveDate)", d);
            let s_ = format!("{:?}", d);
            eprintln!("s_ {:?}", s_);
            // `s` and `s_` may differ, but `s.parse()` and `s_.parse()` must be same
            let d_ = match s_.parse::<NaiveDate>() {
                Ok(d) => d,
                Err(e) => {
                    panic!("`{}` is parsed into `{:?}`, but reparsing that has failed: {}", s, d, e)
                }
            };
            eprintln!("d_ {:?} (NaiveDate)", d_);
            assert!(
                d == d_,
                "`{}` is parsed into `{:?}`, but reparsed result \
                              `{:?}` does not match",
                s,
                d,
                d_
            );
        }

        // some invalid cases
        // since `ParseErrorKind` is private, all we can do is to check if there was an error
        let invalid = [
            "",                     // empty
            "x",                    // invalid
            "Fri, 09 Aug 2013 GMT", // valid date, wrong format
            "Sat Jun 30 2012",      // valid date, wrong format
            "1441497364.649",       // valid datetime, wrong format
            "+1441497364.649",      // valid datetime, wrong format
            "+1441497364",          // valid datetime, wrong format
            "2014/02/03",           // valid date, wrong format
            "2014",                 // datetime missing data
            "2014-01",              // datetime missing data
            "2014-01-00",           // invalid day
            "2014-11-32",           // invalid day
            "2014-13-01",           // invalid month
            "2014-13-57",           // invalid month, day
            "9999999-9-9",          // invalid year (out of bounds)
        ];
        for &s in &invalid {
            eprintln!("test_date_from_str invalid {:?}", s);
            assert!(s.parse::<NaiveDate>().is_err());
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_date_parse_from_str() {
        let ymd = |y, m, d| NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(y, m, d).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(
            NaiveDate::parse_from_str("2014-5-7T12:34:56+09:30", "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S%z"),
            Ok(ymd(2014, 5, 7))
        ); // ignore time and offset
        assert_eq!(
            NaiveDate::parse_from_str("2015-W06-1=2015-033", "%G-W%V-%u = %Y-%j"),
            Ok(ymd(2015, 2, 2))
        );
        assert_eq!(
            NaiveDate::parse_from_str("Fri, 09 Aug 13", "%a, %d %b %y"),
            Ok(ymd(2013, 8, 9))
        );
        assert!(NaiveDate::parse_from_str("Sat, 09 Aug 2013", "%a, %d %b %Y").is_err());
        assert!(NaiveDate::parse_from_str("2014-57", "%Y-%m-%d").is_err());
        assert!(NaiveDate::parse_from_str("2014", "%Y").is_err()); // insufficient

        assert_eq!(
            NaiveDate::parse_from_str("2020-01-0", "%Y-%W-%w").ok(),
            NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2020, 1, 12),
        );

        assert_eq!(
            NaiveDate::parse_from_str("2019-01-0", "%Y-%W-%w").ok(),
            NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2019, 1, 13),
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_day_iterator_limit() {
        assert_eq!(
            NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(MAX_YEAR, 12, 29).unwrap().iter_days().take(4).count(),
            2
        );
        assert_eq!(
            NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(MIN_YEAR, 1, 3).unwrap().iter_days().rev().take(4).count(),
            2
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_week_iterator_limit() {
        assert_eq!(
            NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(MAX_YEAR, 12, 12).unwrap().iter_weeks().take(4).count(),
            2
        );
        assert_eq!(
            NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(MIN_YEAR, 1, 15).unwrap().iter_weeks().rev().take(4).count(),
            2
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_naiveweek() {
        let date = NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2022, 5, 18).unwrap();
        let asserts = [
            (Weekday::Mon, "Mon 2022-05-16", "Sun 2022-05-22"),
            (Weekday::Tue, "Tue 2022-05-17", "Mon 2022-05-23"),
            (Weekday::Wed, "Wed 2022-05-18", "Tue 2022-05-24"),
            (Weekday::Thu, "Thu 2022-05-12", "Wed 2022-05-18"),
            (Weekday::Fri, "Fri 2022-05-13", "Thu 2022-05-19"),
            (Weekday::Sat, "Sat 2022-05-14", "Fri 2022-05-20"),
            (Weekday::Sun, "Sun 2022-05-15", "Sat 2022-05-21"),
        ];
        for (start, first_day, last_day) in asserts {
            let week = date.week(start);
            let days = week.days();
            assert_eq!(Ok(week.first_day()), NaiveDate::parse_from_str(first_day, "%a %Y-%m-%d"));
            assert_eq!(Ok(week.last_day()), NaiveDate::parse_from_str(last_day, "%a %Y-%m-%d"));
            assert!(days.contains(&date));
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_naiveweek_min_max() {
        let date_max = NaiveDate::MAX;
        assert!(date_max.week(Weekday::Mon).first_day() <= date_max);
        let date_min = NaiveDate::MIN;
        assert!(date_min.week(Weekday::Mon).last_day() >= date_min);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_weeks_from() {
        // tests per: https://github.com/chronotope/chrono/issues/961
        // these internally use `weeks_from` via the parsing infrastructure
        assert_eq!(
            NaiveDate::parse_from_str("2020-01-0", "%Y-%W-%w").ok(),
            NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2020, 1, 12),
        );
        assert_eq!(
            NaiveDate::parse_from_str("2019-01-0", "%Y-%W-%w").ok(),
            NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2019, 1, 13),
        );

        // direct tests
        for (y, starts_on) in &[
            (2019, Weekday::Tue),
            (2020, Weekday::Wed),
            (2021, Weekday::Fri),
            (2022, Weekday::Sat),
            (2023, Weekday::Sun),
            (2024, Weekday::Mon),
            (2025, Weekday::Wed),
            (2026, Weekday::Thu),
        ] {
            for day in &[
                Weekday::Mon,
                Weekday::Tue,
                Weekday::Wed,
                Weekday::Thu,
                Weekday::Fri,
                Weekday::Sat,
                Weekday::Sun,
            ] {
                assert_eq!(
                    NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(*y, 1, 1).map(|d| d.weeks_from(*day)),
                    Some(if day == starts_on { 1 } else { 0 })
                );

                // last day must always be in week 52 or 53
                assert!([52, 53]
                    .contains(&NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(*y, 12, 31).unwrap().weeks_from(*day)),);
            }
        }

        let base = NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2019, 1, 1).unwrap();

        // 400 years covers all year types
        for day in &[
            Weekday::Mon,
            Weekday::Tue,
            Weekday::Wed,
            Weekday::Thu,
            Weekday::Fri,
            Weekday::Sat,
            Weekday::Sun,
        ] {
            // must always be below 54
            for dplus in 1..(400 * 366) {
                assert!((base + Days::new(dplus)).weeks_from(*day) < 54)
            }
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_with_0_overflow() {
        let dt = NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(2023, 4, 18).unwrap();
        assert!(dt.with_month0(4294967295).is_none());
        assert!(dt.with_day0(4294967295).is_none());
        assert!(dt.with_ordinal0(4294967295).is_none());
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_leap_year() {
        for year in 0..=MAX_YEAR {
            let date = NaiveDate::from_ymd_opt(year, 1, 1).unwrap();
            let is_leap = year % 4 == 0 && (year % 100 != 0 || year % 400 == 0);
            assert_eq!(date.leap_year(), is_leap);
            assert_eq!(date.leap_year(), date.with_ordinal(366).is_some());
        }
    }

    #[test]
    #[cfg(feature = "rkyv-validation")]
    fn test_rkyv_validation() {
        let date_min = NaiveDate::MIN;
        let bytes = rkyv::to_bytes::<_, 4>(&date_min).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(rkyv::from_bytes::<NaiveDate>(&bytes).unwrap(), date_min);

        let date_max = NaiveDate::MAX;
        let bytes = rkyv::to_bytes::<_, 4>(&date_max).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(rkyv::from_bytes::<NaiveDate>(&bytes).unwrap(), date_max);
    }

    //   MAX_YEAR-12-31 minus 0000-01-01
    // = (MAX_YEAR-12-31 minus 0000-12-31) + (0000-12-31 - 0000-01-01)
    // = MAX_YEAR * 365 + (# of leap years from 0001 to MAX_YEAR) + 365
    // = (MAX_YEAR + 1) * 365 + (# of leap years from 0001 to MAX_YEAR)
    const MAX_DAYS_FROM_YEAR_0: i32 =
        (MAX_YEAR + 1) * 365 + MAX_YEAR / 4 - MAX_YEAR / 100 + MAX_YEAR / 400;

    //   MIN_YEAR-01-01 minus 0000-01-01
    // = MIN_YEAR * 365 + (# of leap years from MIN_YEAR to 0000)
    const MIN_DAYS_FROM_YEAR_0: i32 =
        MIN_YEAR * 365 + MIN_YEAR / 4 - MIN_YEAR / 100 + MIN_YEAR / 400;

    // only used for testing, but duplicated in naive::datetime
    const MAX_BITS: usize = 44;
}