1# openwifi 2<img src="./openwifi-arch.jpg" width="900"> 3 4**openwifi:** Linux mac80211 compatible full-stack IEEE802.11/Wi-Fi design based on SDR (Software Defined Radio). 5 6This repository includes Linux driver and software. [openwifi-hw](https://github.com/open-sdr/openwifi-hw) repository has the FPGA design. 7 8[[Project document](doc)], [[Quick start](#Quick-start)], [[Application notes](doc/app_notes)] 9 10[[Videos](#Videos)] [[Papers](#Papers)] [openwifi [maillist](https://lists.ugent.be/wws/subscribe/openwifi)] [[Cite openwifi project](#Cite-openwifi-project)] 11 12Openwifi code has dual licenses. AGPLv3 is the opensource license. For non-opensource license, please contact [email protected]. Openwifi project also leverages some 3rd party modules. It is user's duty to check and follow licenses of those modules according to the purpose/usage. You can find [an example explanation from Analog Devices](https://github.com/analogdevicesinc/hdl/blob/master/LICENSE) for this compound license conditions. [[How to contribute]](https://github.com/open-sdr/openwifi/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md). 13 14**Features:** 15 16- 802.11a/g/n [[IEEE 802.11n (Wi-Fi 4)](doc/app_notes/ieee80211n.md)] 17- 20MHz bandwidth; 70 MHz to 6 GHz frequency range 18- Mode tested: Ad-hoc; Station; AP, Monitor 19- DCF (CSMA/CA) low MAC layer in FPGA (10us SIFS is achieved) 20- [802.11 packet injection](doc/app_notes/inject_80211.md) 21- CSI (Channel State Information, freq offset, equalizer to computer) [[CSI notes](doc/app_notes/csi.md)] 22- IQ capture (real-time AGC, RSSI, IQ sample to computer) [[IQ notes](doc/app_notes/iq.md)][[IQ notes for dual antenna](doc/app_notes/iq_2ant.md)] 23- Configurable channel access priority parameters: 24 - duration of RTS/CTS, CTS-to-self 25 - SIFS/DIFS/xIFS/slot-time/CW/etc 26- Time slicing based on MAC address (time gated/scheduled FPGA queues) 27- Easy to change bandwidth and frequency: 28 - 2MHz for 802.11ah in sub-GHz 29 - 10MHz for 802.11p/vehicle in 5.9GHz 30- On roadmap: **802.11ax** 31 32**Performance (AP: openwifi at channel 44, client: TL-WDN4200 N900 USB Dongle):** 33- AP --> client: 30.6Mbps(TCP), 38.8Mbps(UDP) 34- client --> AP: 17.0Mbps(TCP), 21.5Mbps(UDP) 35 36**Supported SDR platforms:** (Check [Porting guide](#Porting-guide) for your new board if it isn't in the list) 37 38board_name|board combination|status|SD card img 39-------|-------|----|---- 40zc706_fmcs2|Xilinx ZC706 dev board + FMCOMMS2/3/4|Done|[32bit img](https://users.ugent.be/~xjiao/openwifi-1.2.0-leuven-32bit.img.xz) 41zed_fmcs2|Xilinx zed board + FMCOMMS2/3/4|Done|[32bit img](https://users.ugent.be/~xjiao/openwifi-1.2.0-leuven-32bit.img.xz) 42adrv9364z7020|ADRV9364-Z7020 + ADRV1CRR-BOB|Done|[32bit img](https://users.ugent.be/~xjiao/openwifi-1.2.0-leuven-32bit.img.xz) 43adrv9361z7035|ADRV9361-Z7035 + ADRV1CRR-BOB/FMC|Done|[32bit img](https://users.ugent.be/~xjiao/openwifi-1.2.0-leuven-32bit.img.xz) 44zc702_fmcs2|Xilinx ZC702 dev board + FMCOMMS2/3/4|Done|[32bit img](https://users.ugent.be/~xjiao/openwifi-1.2.0-leuven-32bit.img.xz) 45zcu102_fmcs2|Xilinx ZCU102 dev board + FMCOMMS2/3/4|Done|[64bit img](https://users.ugent.be/~xjiao/openwifi-1.2.0-leuven-64bit.img.xz) 46zcu102_9371|Xilinx ZCU102 dev board + ADRV9371|Future|Future 47 48- board_name is used to identify FPGA design in openwifi-hw/boards/ 49- Don't have any boards? Or you like JTAG boot instead of SD card? Check our test bed [w-iLab.t](https://doc.ilabt.imec.be/ilabt/wilab/tutorials/openwifi.html) tutorial. 50 51[[Quick start](#Quick-start)] 52[[Basic operations](#Basic-operations)] 53[[Update FPGA](#Update-FPGA)] 54[[Update Driver](#Update-Driver)] 55[[Update sdrctl](#Update-sdrctl)] 56[[Easy Access and etc](#Easy-Access-and-etc)] 57 58[[Build openwifi Linux img from scratch](#Build-openwifi-Linux-img-from-scratch)] 59[[Special note for 11b](#Special-note-for-11b)] 60[[Porting guide](#Porting-guide)] 61 62[[Project document](doc)] 63[[Application notes](doc/app_notes)] 64 65## Quick start 66- Burn openwifi board specific img file (from the table) into a SD card ("Open With Disk Image Writer". Or "dd" command after unzip). The SD card has two partitions: BOOT and rootfs. You need to config the **correct files in the BOOT partition** according to the **board you have** by operation on your computer: 67 - Copy files in **openwifi/board_name** to the base directory of BOOT partiton. 68 - Copy **openwifi/zynqmp-common/Image** (zcu102 board) or **openwifi/zynq-common/uImage** (other boards) to the base directory of BOOT partiton 69- Connect two antennas to RXA/TXA ports. Config the board to SD card boot mode (check the board manual). Insert the SD card to the board. Power on. 70- Login to the board from your PC (PC Ethernet should have IP 192.168.10.1) with password **openwifi**. 71 ``` 72 ssh [email protected] 73 ``` 74- On board, run openwifi AP and the on board webserver 75 ``` 76 ~/openwifi/fosdem.sh 77 ``` 78- After you see the "openwifi" SSID on your device (Phone/Laptop/etc), connect it. Browser to 192.168.13.1 on your deivce, you should see the webpage hosted by the webserver on board. 79 - Note 1: If your device doesn't support 5GHz (ch44), please change the **hostapd-openwifi.conf** on board and re-run fosdem.sh. 80 - Note 2: After ~2 hours, the Viterbi decoder will halt (Xilinx Evaluation License). Just power cycle the board if it happens. (If output of "./sdrctl dev sdr0 get reg rx 20" is always the same, it means the decoder halts) 81- To give the Wi-Fii client internet access, configure routing/NAT **on the PC**: 82 ``` 83 sudo sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=1 84 sudo iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o ethY -j MASQUERADE 85 sudo ip route add 192.168.13.0/24 via 192.168.10.122 dev ethX 86 ``` 87 **ethX** is the PC NIC name connecting the board. **ethY** is the PC NIC name connecting internet. 88 89 If you want, uncommenting "net.ipv4.ip_forward=1" in /etc/sysctl.conf to make IP forwarding persistent on PC. 90- To monitor **real-time CSI (Chip State Information)**, such as timestamp, frequency offset, channel state, equalizer, please refer to [[CSI notes](doc/app_notes/csi.md)]. 91 92## Basic operations 93The board actually is an Linux/Ubuntu computer which is running **hostapd** to offer Wi-Fi AP functionality over the Wi-Fi Network Interface (NIC). The NIC is implemented by openwifi-hw FPGA design. We use the term **"On board"** to indicate that the commands should be executed after ssh login to the board. **"On PC"** means the commands should run on PC. 94- Bring up the openwifi NIC sdr0: 95 ``` 96 service network-manager stop 97 cd ~/openwifi && ./wgd.sh 98 ``` 99- Use openwifi as client to connect other AP (Change wpa-connect.conf on board firstly): 100 ``` 101 route del default gw 192.168.10.1 102 wpa_supplicant -i sdr0 -c wpa-connect.conf & 103 dhclient sdr0 104 ``` 105- Use openwifi in ad-hoc mode: Please check **sdr-ad-hoc-up.sh** and **sdr-ad-hoc-join.sh**. 106- Use openwifi in monitor mode: Please check **monitor_ch.sh**. 107- The Linux native Wi-Fi tools/Apps (iwconfig/ifconfig/iwlist/iw/hostapd/wpa_supplicant/etc) can run over openwifi NIC in the same way as commercial Wi-Fi chip. 108- **sdrctl** is a dedicated tool to access openwifi driver/FPGA, please check doc directory for more information. 109 110## Update FPGA 111 112Since the pre-built SD card image might not have the latest bug-fixes/updates, it is recommended to udpate the fpga bitstream on board. 113 114- Install Vivado/SDK 2018.3 (If you don't need to generate new FPGA bitstream, WebPack version without license is enough) 115- Setup environment variables (use absolute path): 116 ``` 117 export XILINX_DIR=your_Xilinx_directory 118 export OPENWIFI_DIR=your_openwifi_directory 119 export BOARD_NAME=your_board_name 120 ``` 121- Get the latest FPGA bitstream from openwifi-hw, generate BOOT.BIN and transfer it on board via ssh channel: 122 ``` 123 $OPENWIFI_DIR/user_space/get_fpga.sh $OPENWIFI_DIR 124 125 For Zynq 7000: 126 $OPENWIFI_DIR/user_space/boot_bin_gen.sh $OPENWIFI_DIR $XILINX_DIR $BOARD_NAME 127 128 For Zynq MPSoC (like zcu102 board): 129 $OPENWIFI_DIR/user_space/boot_bin_gen_zynqmp.sh $OPENWIFI_DIR $XILINX_DIR $BOARD_NAME 130 131 scp $OPENWIFI_DIR/kernel_boot/boards/$BOARD_NAME/output_boot_bin/BOOT.BIN [email protected]: 132 ``` 133- On board: Put the BOOT.BIN into the BOOT partition. 134 ``` 135 mount /dev/mmcblk0p1 /mnt 136 cp ~/BOOT.BIN /mnt 137 umount /mnt 138 ``` 139 **Power cycle** the board to load new FPGA bitstream. 140 141## Update Driver 142 143Since the pre-built SD card image might not have the latest bug-fixes/updates, it is recommended to udpate the driver on board. 144- Prepare Analog Devices Linux kernel source code (only need to run once): 145 ``` 146 $OPENWIFI_DIR/user_space/prepare_kernel.sh $OPENWIFI_DIR $XILINX_DIR ARCH_BIT 147 (For Zynq 7000, ARCH_BIT should be 32, for Zynq MPSoC, ARCH_BIT should be 64) 148 ``` 149- Compile the latest openwifi driver 150 ``` 151 $OPENWIFI_DIR/driver/make_all.sh $OPENWIFI_DIR $XILINX_DIR ARCH_BIT 152 (For Zynq 7000, ARCH_BIT should be 32, for Zynq MPSoC, ARCH_BIT should be 64) 153 ``` 154- Copy the driver files to the board via ssh channel 155 ``` 156 scp `find $OPENWIFI_DIR/driver/ -name \*.ko` [email protected]:openwifi/ 157 ``` 158 Now you can use **wgd.sh** on board to load the new openwifi driver. 159 160## Update sdrctl 161- Copy the sdrctl source files to the board via ssh channel 162 ``` 163 scp `find $OPENWIFI_DIR/user_space/sdrctl_src/ -name \*` [email protected]:openwifi/sdrctl_src/ 164 ``` 165- Compile the sdrctl **on board**: 166 ``` 167 cd ~/openwifi/sdrctl_src/ && make && cp sdrctl ../ && cd .. 168 ``` 169## Easy Access and etc 170 171- FPGA and driver on board update scripts 172 - Setup [ftp server](https://help.ubuntu.com/lts/serverguide/ftp-server.html) on PC, allow anonymous and change ftp root directory to $OPENWIFI_DIR. 173 - On board: 174 ``` 175 ./sdcard_boot_update.sh $BOARD_NAME 176 (Above command downloads uImage, BOOT.BIN and devicetree.dtb, then copy them into boot partition. Remember to power cycle) 177 ./wgd.sh remote 178 (Above command downloads driver files, and brings up sdr0) 179 ``` 180- Access the board disk/rootfs like a disk: 181 - On PC: "File manager --> Connect to Server...", input: sftp://[email protected]/root 182 - Input password "openwifi" 183 184## Build openwifi Linux img from scratch 185- Download [2019_R1-2020_02_04.img.xz](https://swdownloads.analog.com/cse/2019_R1-2020_02_04.img.xz) from [Analog Devices Wiki](https://wiki.analog.com/resources/tools-software/linux-software/zynq_images). Burn it to a SD card. 186- Insert the SD card to your Linux PC. Find out the mount point (that has two sub directories BOOT and rootfs), and setup environment variables (use absolute path): 187 ``` 188 export SDCARD_DIR=sdcard_mount_point 189 export XILINX_DIR=your_Xilinx_directory 190 export OPENWIFI_DIR=your_openwifi_directory 191 export BOARD_NAME=your_board_name 192 ``` 193- Run script to update SD card: 194 ``` 195 $OPENWIFI_DIR/user_space/update_sdcard.sh $OPENWIFI_DIR $XILINX_DIR $BOARD_NAME $SDCARD_DIR 196 ``` 197- Config your board to SD card boot mode (check the board manual). Insert the SD card to the board. Power on. 198- Login to the board from your PC (PC Ethernet should have IP 192.168.10.1) with one time password **analog**. 199 ``` 200 ssh [email protected] 201 ``` 202- Setup routing/NAT **on the PC** for your board -- this internet connection is **important** for post installation/config. 203 ``` 204 sudo sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=1 205 sudo iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o ethY -j MASQUERADE 206 sudo ip route add 192.168.13.0/24 via 192.168.10.122 dev ethX 207 ``` 208 **ethX** is the PC NIC name connecting the board. **ethY** is the PC NIC name connecting internet. 209 210 If you want, uncommenting "net.ipv4.ip_forward=1" in /etc/sysctl.conf to make IP forwarding persistent on PC. 211- Run **one time** script on board to complete post installation/config (After this, password becomes **openwifi**) 212 ``` 213 cd ~/openwifi && ./post_config.sh 214 ``` 215- Now you can start from [Quick start](#Quick-start) (Skip the image download and burn step) 216 217## Special note for 11b 218 219Openwifi only applies OFDM as its modulation scheme and as a result, it is not backward compatible with 802.11b clients or modes of operation. This is usually the case during beacon transmission, connection establishment, and robust communication. 220 221As a solution to this problem, openwifi can be fully controlled only if communicating with APs/clients instantiated using hostapd/wpa_supplicant userspace programs respectively. 222 223For hostapd program, 802.11b rates can be suppressed using configuration commands (i.e. supported_rates, basic_rates) and an example configuration file is provided (i.e. hostapd-openwifi.conf). One small caveat to this one comes from fullMAC Wi-Fi cards as they must implement the *NL80211_TXRATE_LEGACY* NetLink handler at the device driver level. 224 225On the other hand, the wpa_supplicant program on the client side (commercial Wi-Fi dongle/board) cannot suppress 802.11b rates out of the box in 2.4GHz band, so there will be an issue when connecting openwifi (OFDM only). A patched wpa_supplicant should be used at the client side. 226``` 227sudo apt-get install libssl1.0-dev 228$OPENWIFI_DIR/user_space/build_wpa_supplicant_wo11b.sh $OPENWIFI_DIR 229``` 230## Porting guide 231 232This section explains the porting work by showing the differences between openwifi and Analog Devices reference design. openwifi is based on 2019_R1 of [HDL Reference Designs](https://github.com/analogdevicesinc/hdl). 233- Open the fmcomms2 + zc706 reference design at hdl/projects/fmcomms2/zc706 (Please read Analog Devices help) 234- Open the openwifi design zc706_fmcs2 at openwifi-hw/boards/zc706_fmcs2 (Please read openwifi-hw repository) 235- "Open Block Design", you will see the differences between openwifi and the reference design. Both in "diagram" and in "Address Editor". 236- The address/interrupts of FPGA blocks hooked to the ARM bus should be put/aligned to the devicetree file openwifi/kernel_boot/boards/zc706_fmcs2/devicetree.dts. Linux will parse the devicetree.dtb when booting to know information of attached deivce (FPGA blocks in our case). 237- We use dtc command to get devicetree.dts converted from devicetree.dtb in [Analog Devices Linux image](https://wiki.analog.com/resources/tools-software/linux-software/zynq_images), then do modification according to what we have added/modified to the reference design. 238- Please learn the script in [[Build openwifi Linux img from scratch](#Build-openwifi-Linux-img-from-scratch)] to understand how we generate devicetree.dtb, BOOT.BIN and Linux kernel uImage and put them together to build the full SD card image. 239 240## Videos 241 242Demo [[youtube](https://youtu.be/NpjEaszd5u4)], [[link for CHN user](https://www.zhihu.com/zvideo/1280659393378041856)] 243 244FOSDEM2020 [[youtube](https://youtu.be/Mq48cGthk7M)], [[link for CHN user](https://www.zhihu.com/zvideo/1280673506397425664)] 245 246Low latency for gaming and introduction [[youtube](https://youtu.be/Notn9X482LI)], [[link for CHN user](https://www.zhihu.com/zvideo/1273823153371385856)] 247 248CSI (Channel State Information) [[twitter](https://twitter.com/i/status/1314207380561780738)], [[link for CHN user](https://www.zhihu.com/zvideo/1297662571618148352)] 249 250## Papers 251 252- [openwifi: a free and open-source IEEE802.11 SDR implementation on SoC](https://www.orca-project.eu/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2020/03/openwifi-vtc-antwerp-PID1249076.pdf) 253- [csi murder](https://ans.unibs.it/projects/csi-murder/) 254 255Openwifi was born in [ORCA project](https://www.orca-project.eu/) (EU's Horizon2020 programme under agreement number 732174). 256 257## Cite openwifi project 258 259Any use of openwifi project which results in a publication should include a citation via (bibtex example): 260``` 261@electronic{openwifigithub, 262 author = {Xianjun, Jiao and Wei, Liu and Michael, Mehari}, 263 title = {open-source IEEE802.11/Wi-Fi baseband chip/FPGA design}, 264 url = {https://github.com/open-sdr/openwifi}, 265 year = {2019}, 266} 267``` 268
